Simple C++ Programs programming C++

[Saint_Michael 3]

what simple programs would a beginner should code in order to get some understanding the c++ along with leaning as well

[BoSZ 0]

--==== notepad ====--hehehefor real there is no easy way into codingyou have to know the code and you need a assembler thats alla use MS vistual studio

[gettincrazyovercoding 0]

agreed with BosZ...
no Real shortcut for programming...
you can start from Turbo C++ or with VC++ from Microsoft...
U need to understand bare minimum just to write simple code
---------------------------------------------
Datatypes.
Procedural programming/Object Oriented programming
Functions
-------------------------------------
next comes
Arrays
Pointers
structures

and list doesn't end here... If you wnat free Ebook then download here
http://forums.xisto.com/no_longer_exists/

try it they r damn good books

gettincrazyovercoding

[Saint_Michael 3]

should have been more clear, i was referring to like a chekcers game or simulator or a full blown program that does to much in one sitting

[clouds421 0]

you want to learn C/C++ by yourself?! I took a introductory class on it in hs and thought it was hella hard. I'm sure I'm not the only one...let's say there was a bit of copying going on the programming assignments :lol

[Saint_Michael 3]

the one computer class i took for programming was on a mac and *BLEEP* i had to do a lot of cough cough copy cough cough

[neeki4444 0]

start learning c++ by using visual c++ 6.0 and read a c++ tutorial online, or buy a book. I recommend C++ How to program it will show you how to creat simple programs to more compliex applications.

[alperuzi 0]

look into other code, get a C manual and start with a Hello World program of course :(It depends on if you want to learn C or C++ but I would look into using linux and gcc if you want C, since you will get aquainted with a lot of C code in Linux. You can also use gcc to compile C++

[alperuzi 0]

I would disagree with that.Know C or C++ -> you know Java (but never use it )Know java -> C++ and especially C is difficult for you because it is more low level than javaSo it all depends upon which one you start with, and starting with C is much more advantageous.C is the standard for programming today, maybe someday it'll be java, but hopefully not! Anyways, you can't really compare C with Java since Java works in a completely different way.

[Shackman 0]

You may want to look at this article I wrote in my forum:

http://forums.xisto.com/no_longer_exists/

For a starter, you may want to try this program:

#include <iostream.h>
int main ()
{


cout << "This is the 1st program I created after a long C++ Programming break"<<endl;

return 0;
}

Compile and run it. You may want to look at the free compilers I listed in my article.

Good luck in your journey in C++ Programming!
Edited October 6, 2004 by Shackman (see edit history)

[ced117 0]

c++? it is not the language of the most virus of today??

[ced117 0]

// Program samples#include <iostream.h>int main (){cout << "This is the 1st program I created after a long C++ Programming break"<<endl;return 0;} //end of files ! ! vThis is a very simple c++ program.thank you has Shackman

[ced117 0]

if anyone has sources codes of a video games, send me the sources.
i'm looking for c++ games programming... (if you have a c++ games with the sources codes send me them.

Thanks.

My Webpage

[ced117 0]

a comple source code + tutorial:download the source first :http://forums.xisto.com/no_longer_exists/ Of ContentsInstallation DXSmith - Overview DXSmit I/O Library Miscellaneous Functions Graphics Text Functions Resources Sound And Music User I/O GuiLib GuiEdit Menus SpriteLib SpriteEdit Glossary Menus InstallationUnzip the project in any directory of your choosing. The main workspace can be opened using the "DXSmithLib.dsw" workspace. The program requires at least DirectX 7.0 to compile and run.[editor's note--the programs have been compiled and run successfully using VS6 on a Win2K machine with DirectX 9.0 SDK installed]testwin - A simple demonstration program (see above screenshot) testgui - Tests a gui full-screen. It is a command line app. Run the batch file "use_testgui.bat". The mouse_cursor.bmp MUST be in a sub-dir called data located in the directory that testgui.exe is located. testsprite - View a sprite full screen to see how it looks on a black background. It is mainly an example of using a sprite in a simple program. It takes only one parameter: the name of a spritebank (file.spr) created by SpriteEdit. The .SPR file and its required .BMP files must be in a directory called data, located where the exe is. SpriteEdit - The sprite editor GuiEdit - The GUI editor DXSmith - OverviewDXSmith is a wrapper around Microsoft's DirectX graphic libraries. The current version wraps the Direct Draw 2D graphics, I/O, sound, and music for DX7. No 3D functions are wrapped or used. The DXSmith wrapper provides a set of higher level functions that are easier to use and learn than the DirectX API. DXSmith makes it easier for beginners to use DirectX. DirectX is a very flexible API, but that very flexibility also makes it fairly complicated. DXSmith also provides tools to create and draw animated sprites, and simple GUI's without using MFC calls. A number of GDI calls are also wrapped to provide higher level functions like lines, circles, text, and pie sections. DXSmith also provides "resource management". Place all your data files in a sub-directory, or libraries in the sub-directory and the resource manager will load, unload, and track the resources in memory. DXSmith provides everything for the amateur game programmer to get started with DirectX. DXSmith I/O LibraryThe I/O library provides the graphic primitives, user input, and sound and music functions that are the building blocks of all other DXSmith utilities. See testwin for an example of using the DXSmith lib. TestWin is a bare-bones windows program that uses the DXSmith i/o library. It is an excellent example of using the library, and is simple enough to easily modify for your own use. Test1 is a console program that exercises all key parts of the library. TestGUI allows you to test gui panels created with GUIEdit. Miscellaneous FunctionsGetLastError GetINI (version 1) GetINI (version 2) SetINI(version 1) SetINI(version 2) GetLastErrorint GetLastError(CString *errStr); Return the last error code and string set by a CgsdxIO() function. GSDX_OK is returned if no errors have yet occurred. errStr: the last error string is copied to this.RETURNS: Last error code.GetINI (version 1)DWORD GetINI(LPCSTR pSectionName, LPCSTR pKeyName, LPCSTR \pDefault, char *pReturnedString, DWORD sizeRetStr, LPCSTR pFileName); Read text data from a normal text INI file.pSectionName name of the section to read the data from. Do not include the "[ ]" in the section name. pKeyName name of the key within the section to read. pDefault value to return if the section or key is not found. pReturnedString string to copy the requested value to from the INI file. sizeRetStr length of pReturnedString. If the length of the data exceeds sizeRetStr it will be truncated. pFileName name of the INI file to read from. If the filename includes a path (detected by searching for the back-slash "\" character) the resource paths are not searched. If the filename has no path, then the currently registered resource paths are searched for the INI file. RETURNS: Length of the string copied to pReturnedString.Example:char str[90];GetINI("main_section", "one_key", "default_value", str, 90, "foobar.ini");GetINI (version 2)DWORD GetINI(LPCSTR pSectionName, LPCSTR pKeyName, long \defaultValue, long *pReturnedLong, LPCSTR pFileName); Read integer data from a normal text INI file. Attempts to convert the text to an integer.pSectionName name of the section to read the data from. Do not include the "[ ]" in the section name. pKeyName name of the key within the section to read. pDefault value to return if the section or key is not found. pReturnedLong integer to copy the requested value to from the INI file. pFileName name of the INI file to read from. If the filename includes a path (detected by searching for the back-slash "\" character) the resource paths are not searched. If the filename has no path, then the currently registered resource paths are searched for the INI file. RETURNS: Length of the string representing the integer copied to pReturnedLong.Example:long val;GetINI("main_section", "one_key", 999, &val, "foobar.ini");SetINI (Version 1) int SetINI(LPCSTR pSectionName, LPCSTR pKeyName, LPCSTR pString, LPCSTR pFileName);Write text data to a normal text INI file.pSectionName name of the section to write the data to. Do not include the "[ ]" in the section name. pKeyName name of the key within the section to set. pString value to set the key to. pFileName name of the INI file to write to. If the filename includes a path (detected by searching for the back-slash "\" character) the resource paths are not searched. If the filename has no path, then the currently registered resource paths are searched for the INI file. RETURNS: Non-zero on success.Example:SetINI("main_section", "one_key", "key_value", "foobar.ini");SetINI (Version 2)int SetINI(LPCSTR pSectionName, LPCSTR pKeyName, long value, LPCSTR pFileName); Write integer data to a normal text INI file. Converts the integer to text.pSectionName name of the section to write the data to. Do not include the "[ ]" in the section name. pKeyName name of the key within the section to set. value value to set the key to. pFileName name of the INI file to write to. If the filename includes a path (detected by searching for the back-slash "\" character) the resource paths are not searched. If the filename has no path, then the currently registered resource paths are searched for the INI file. RETURNS: Non-zero on success.Example:SetINI("main_section", "one_key", 1234, "foobar.ini");GraphicsBlit ConvertRGB EnableClipping EllipseFill Flip GetGraphicModeInfo GetModes GetNumGraphicModes InitGraphics IsMode Line LoadBitmap PieFill RectFill SetBlitOptions SetClipping UnLoadAllBitmaps Blitint Blit(RECT *pDest, gsdxBitmap_t *pSrc, int transparent=1, HDC hdc=NULL);Draw a bitmap to the off-screen buffer. Call Flip() to display the current off-screen buffer. Use pDest to set the size and location of the bitmap. By changing the destination size you can scale the bitmap to any desired size. Clipping is supported. If clipping is disabled be sure that pDest does not exceed the off-screen buffer's boundaries.pDest the destination position and size of the bitmap to be blitted. Note that the (right - left) equals the width, not the width -1, and (bottom - top) equals the height. pScr source bitmap, loaded by LoadBitpmap(). Transparent--if non-zero then all pixels matching the top-left pixel are transparent. Transparency not supported in GDI mode. hdc if not NULL the specified hdc is used instead of the default full-screen hdc. RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.Blitint Blit(POINT *pDest, gsdxBitmap_t *src, int transparent=1, HDC hdc=NULL);Draw a bitmap to the off-screen buffer. Call Flip() to display the current off-screen buffer. Use pDest to set location of the bitmap. The bitmap is displayed at its original size. If clipping is disabled be sure that blitted bitmap does not exceed the off-screen buffer's boundaries.pDest the destination position of the bitmap to be blitted. pScr source bitmap, loaded by LoadBitpmap(). Transparent--if non-zero then all pixels matching the top-left pixel are transparent. Not supported in GDI mode. hdc if not NULL the specified hdc is used instead of the default full-screen hdc. RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.ConvertRGBDWORD CgsdxIO::ConvertRGB(DWORD rgb);Convert an RGB colour for use with the current video mode. Not required for any function that uses GDI (Line(), Ellipse(), PieFill()). Should be used for any DirectX function that takes a color parameter (Blit()). Only valid for full-screen modes, and requires that InitGraphics() be called previously.RETURNS: A DWORD that is the converted colour. EnableClippingint EnableClipping(int enable=1);Enable and disable clipping. Must call SetClipping() before enabling clipping.enable: if no-zero clipping is enabled, if zero clipping is disabled.RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure. EllipseFillint EllipseFill(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, DWORD colour, HDC hdc);Draw a filled ellipse in the rectangle bounded by left, top, right, bottom. Colour is a RGB colour.RETURNS: Zero on success. Flipint Flip(void);Display the current off-screen buffer, and make the currently displayed buffer the off-screen buffer. The normal procedure is to call the various drawing functions until the complete frame is ready, then call Flip() to display it.RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure. GetGraphicModeInfoinline gsdxMode_t *GetGraphicModeInfo(int index);Return information for the selected graphics mode. Must call GetModes() before calling this function. Use GetNumGraphicModes() to get the number of detected graphics modes.index: index of graphics mode to get information for. Indexes start at zero.typedef struct{int width, height; // size of logical screenint colorBits; // color depth}gsdxMode_t;RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure. GetModesint GetModes(void);Detect all the supported video modes. After calling this function GetGraphicModeInfo() and GetNumGraphicModes() can be called to get information on all supported graphics modes.RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_... code on failure. GetNumGraphicModesinline int GetNumGraphicModes(void);Returns the number of detected video modes. Must call GetModes() before calling this function.RETURNS:Number of detected video modes. InitGraphicsint InitGraphics(int width, int height, int colorDepth, DWORD options);Initialize the graphics mode. For the full-screen option setup a primary buffer and off-screen buffer. Use GetModes() and GetGraphicsModeInfo() to detect support widths, heights, and color depths. If the GDI mode is selected the current video mode is NOT changed, and no buffers are prepared. This function must be called before any other graphics function is called.width width of the screen in pixels. height height of the screen in pixels. colorDepth number of bits per pixel. options full-screen or GDI. If full screen the GDSX_CONSOLE_MODE option must also be used if the exe if a console application. GSDX_FULL_SCREEN Exclusive full screen mode with double buffering. GSDX_WINDOWED_GDI Retain the current video mode. (NOTE: some functions will not be supported or have reduced function). GSDX_CONSOLE_MODE Only use with the full screen option if the exe is a console application. Failing to use this option with console applications will cause the application to crash. RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.IsModeint IsMode(int width, int height, int colorDepth);Returns non-zero if the specified video mode is supported in full-screen mode.width width in pixels of mode to check. height height in pixels of mode to check. colorDepth colorDepth, in bits, of mode to check. RETURNS: Non-zero if the specified video mode is support, zero if the mode is not supported.Lineint Line(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1, int width, DWORD colour);Draw line from (x0, y0) to (x1, y1) using the width and color specified. Note that the value passed to color depends on the pixel format of the selected mode.x0 starting X position y0 starting Y position x1 ending X position y1 ending Y position width width of the line in pixels colour colour of the line. Note that same value of colour will give different colours on the screen depending on the current video mode and pixel format for that mode. RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.LoadBitmapgsdxBitmap_t *LoadBitmap(LPCSTR pFileName, RECT *pRect);Load a bitmap from a file and prepare it to be blitted for the currently selected video mode. InitResource() must be called first.If the image is already loaded the currently loaded image is used for the bitmap. One image can have many bitmaps stored on it. Each bitmap will point to the area of the main image containing its region.The returned bitmap must be `deleted' when the bitmap is no longer required. This only deletes this particular bitmap (which includes a pointer to the main source image), NOT the main source image in memory. Call UnLoadAllBitmaps() to unload all the main source images.pFileName name of the bitmap to be loaded. The resource paths and libraries are searched if there is no path included in the name. Currently only BMP format files are supported, and must have the .bmp file extenstion. pRect if NULL the returned bitmap is the whole source image. If pRect is not NULL and right and bottom are not zero then it defines the region of the source image to return as the bitmap. This enables multiple bitmaps to be stored in one image file. If pREct is not NULL, but right and bottom are zero then pRect is filled in with the size of the whole source image. RETURNS: Pointer to the loaded bitmap.PieFillint PieFill(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, \int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, DWORD colour,HDC hdc=NULL);Draw pie-shaped filled section. The Pie is `cut' from an ellipse bounded by left, top, right, bottom, and bounded by lines starting at the centre of the bounding box and going out through (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) in a counter-clock wise direction. RectFillint RectFill(RECT *rect, DWORD color, HDC hdc=NULL);Draw a solid filled rectangle. Note that the same value of color will give different colors on screen depending on the current video mode's pixel format. Use ConvertRGB() to change an RGB() value to a video mode specific value. This function may be faster than Line() for vertical and horizontal lines.rect defines the rectangular region to be filled. color colour of the filled rectangle. Note that the same value of color will give different colours on screen depending on the current video mode's pixel format. RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.SetBlitOptionsint SetBlitOptions(DWORD optionFlags);Not implemented.RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure. SetClippingint SetClipping(RECT *pClipRect, int numRects=1);Define multiple clipping regions. Use EnableClipping() after calling this function to enable the defined clipping regions. All Blits() and RectFills() that fall outside of the defined regions will be clipped (not displayed). A second call to SetClipping() deletes the previous clipping regions and sets up the new regions.pClipRects array of RECTS, each of which defines one clipping region. numRects number of RECTS in pClipRects. RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.Example:RECT *clips, r;clips=new RECT[2];clips[0].right=900;clips[0].left=100;clips[0].top=100;clips[0].bottom=500;clips[1].right=90;clips[1].left=0;clips[1].top=0;clips[1].bottom=90;SetClipping(clips, 2);r.left=100;r.right=900;r.top=100;r.bottom=500;SetClipping(&r); // default 1 rectEnableClipping(); // default ONUnLoadAllBitmapsint UnLoadAllBitmaps(void);Unloads ALL main source bitmap images. All loaded bitmaps MUST be `deleted' in addition to calling this function.RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_... code on failure. Text FunctionsDrawText DeleteFont CreateFont GetTextSize UnLoadAllFonts DrawTextint DrawText(HFONT font, int x, int y, DWORD fore, DWORD back, \LPCSTR s, SIZE *size=NULL, HDC hdc=NULL);int DrawText(HFONT font, int x, int y, DWORD fore, DWORD back, \ LPCSTR s, int len, SIZE *size, HDC hdc); int DrawText(HFONT font, int x, int y, DWORD fore, DWORD back, char \a, SIZE *size, HDC hdc);Draw text on the screen using the specified font, colour, and position.font if NULL, use the default font. If not NULL it must be a font created by CreateFont(). x, y position on the screen of the top left pixel of the text. fore colour of the text. Note that the same value of colour will display different colours depending on the pixel format of the current video mode. back background colour. Use GSDX_TRANSPARENT_TEXT for a transparent background. s if using the version without `len' s is a null terminated string. If len is specified then s is at least len long. len length of the string s. size if not NULL it is filled with the region that the text was drawn to. hdc if not NULL it over-rides the default full-screen hdc. RETURNS:Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.DeleteFontint DeleteFont(HFONT font);Delete a font created with CreateFont().RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure. CreateFontHFONT CreateFont(int height, int weight, int proportional=1, int serif=1);Create a font to be used with DrawText().height logical height of the font. Not quite the same as pixels. weight how `thick' the font is. 0 is `don't care' and the default will be used. Must be between 0 and 1000. proportional set to non-zero for a proportional font (each letter is a different width), or zero for a fixed-width font (each letter is the same width). Generally, proportional fonts look nicer. serif set to non-zero for a serif font, zero for a non-serif font. Serif fonts have the little bars at the letters ends (eg Times), and non-serif lack these little bars (eg Arial). These MS defined values can be used:FW_THIN 100 FW_EXTRALIGHT 200 FW_LIGHT 300 FW_NORMAL 400 FW_MEDIUM 500 FW_SEMIBOLD 600 FW_BOLD 700 FW_EXTRABOLD 800 FW_HEAVY 900 RETURNS: A pointer to a font that can be used with DrawText().Example: HFONT font=NULL;font=CreateFont(24, FW_MEDIUM, 0, 1);DrawText(font, 10, 100, RGB(255, 0,0), 0, "Hi World");DeleteFont(font);GetTextSizeint GetTextSize(HFONT font, char *s, SIZE *size, HDC hdc=NULL);Get the dimensions of the string s for the font. size.cx is the width, size.cy is the height.RETURNS: Zero if successful.Example: HFONT font;SIZE size;Font=CreateFont(24, 300, 1,1);GetTextSize(font, "hi world", &size);UnLoadAllFontsint UnLoadAllFonts(void);Completely delete all fonts created with CreateFont().RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure. ResourcesAddResourcePath GetFullResourcePath GetResource InitResource LoadResource UnLoadAllResources UnLoadResource AddResourcePathint AddResourcePath(LPCSTR path);Add a path to the list of paths search by the resource loading functions.The resource loading functions search these directories: exe_path/DATACD_DRIVE:/DATAPaths added by AddResourcePath()path: null terminated path to add.RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.Example: AddResourcePath("c:\\data\\maps\\");GetFullResourcePathint GetFullResourcePath(LPCSTR pName, char *fullPath);Search for pName in the resource directories, and return its full-path in fullPath if found.pName name of the file to find. Do not include any path, do include the extension. fullPath the full path and filename will be copied to fullPath if the file is found. Be sure fullPath is long enough for the longest legal path and filename. RETURNS:Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.Example: char path[MAX_PATH = 1];GetFullResourcePath("foo.map", path);path will be set to something like: c:\data\foo.map GetResourcevoid * GetResource(DWORD index);Get a pointer to a previously loaded resource. Does NOT increase its count. Does not load it if not found.index: index of a previously loaded resource, as returned by LoadResource()RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.Example: long index;Mapt_t *map1, *map1_alias;map1=LoadResource("foo.map", &index);map1_alias=GetResource(index);InitResourceint InitResource(DWORD options);Must be called before using ANY resource related function. LoadBitmap() and LoadSound() also requires that this be called as they use the resource functions. Does not depend on InitGraphics(). Default paths are added: exe_path\data, and cd_drive:\data where exe_path is the path that the exe ran from. cd_drive is the drive letter for any cd drive detected.For example:Foo.exe is run from c:\myexe on a computer with two cd drives, e: and f: and calls InitResource()The default paths that are searched will be: C:\myexe\dataE:\dataF:\dataoptions: not defined, set to zero.RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.LoadResourcevoid * LoadResource(LPCSTR pName, DWORD *pIndex=NULL, DWORD *pSize=NULL);Load a file into memory. The resource paths are searched for the file. Libraries in the resource paths are also searched. The last `good' path or library is searched first - always call LoadResource() on files in the same directory in batches if possible. If the file is already loaded its count is increased and the existing pointer is returned. pName name of file to load into memory. pIndex pointer to a DOWRD to return the INDEX in. Can be used by GetResource() to quickly get a pointer to a previously loaded resource. Using GetResource() is MUCH faster than calling LoadResource(). pSize pointer to a DWORD to hold the size, in bytes, of the file loaded into memory. RETURNS: NULL on error, a pointer to the loaded file if OK. Call GetLastError() to get detailed error information.Example: Map_t *map;DWORD index, size;map=LoadResource("foo.map");map=LoadResource("foo.map", &index, &size);UnLoadAllResourcesint UnLoadAllResources(void);Unload all currently loaded resources. Ignores the count.RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure. UnLoadResourceint UnLoadResource(LPCSTR pName);int UnLoadResource(DWORD index);Decrement a resource count, and unloads from memory it if its count reaches zero.pName name of a previously loaded resource without a path. index index of a resource as returned by LoadResource() RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.Sound and MusicInitSound LoadSound PlayMusic PlaySound UnLoadAllSounds InitSoundint InitSound(DWORD options, WORD bits=8, WORD rate=22050);Initializes sound and music. InitSound() MUST be called first. No sound or music functions will work until InitSound is called.options not defined, use zero. bits sample size for digital sound. rate sampling rate for digital sound. NOTES: For best performance all digital sounds should be created using the same bits and rate value which should be set correctly when InitSound() is called.RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.LoadSoundint LoadSound(LPCSTR pName, DWORD *pID);Pre-Load a sound so that it can be played by Playsound(). InitResource() must be called before this is called.pName name of the WAV file to pre-load. The resource paths and libraries are searched. pID the ID of the sound is copied to pID and is used to play the sound using PlaySound(). RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.PlayMusicint PlayMusic(LPCSTR pName, int loop=1);Load and play a MIDI song. If a song is playing, it will be stopped and unloaded before the next is started.pName name of the MID file to play. The resource paths are searched, but libraries cannot be used to store MIDI songs. If pName is NULL the current song is stopped and unloaded. loop set to non-zero to loop forever. RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.PlaySoundint PlaySound(DWORD id, int loop=0, int pan=0, int pan_speed=0);Plays a previously loaded sound.id id value set by LoadSound(). loop set to non-zero to loop forever. Set to -1 to stop a currently playing sound. Does not unload the sound if it is stopped. pan not implemented, set to zero. pan_speed not implemented, set to zero. RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.UnLoadAllSoundsint UnLoadAllSounds(void);Stops and unloads all loaded sounds. A sound must be reloaded using LoadSound() after UnLoadAllSounds() is called before it can be played again.RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure. User I/OAcquireAllDevices GetAutoRepeat GetAutoRepeatStart GetCapState GetEvent GetIoMode GetJoystickInfo GetJoystickState GetNumberOfJoysticks GetNumState GetMouseInfo GetMouseState GetScrollState InitIO IsKeyDown SetAutoRepeat SetAutoRepeatStart SetIoMode AcquireAllDevicesint AcquireAllDevices(void);Used to re-acquire all I/O devices if they are lost. Often used in the WndProc() function for the WM_ACTIVATE message.RETURNS: Zero on success. GetAutoRepeatDWORD GetAutoRepeat(void);Return the current Keyboard auto-repeat rate in milliseconds. GetAutoRepeatStartDWORD GetAutoRepeatStart(void);Return the current delay before the keyboard auto-repeat starts in milliseconds. GetCapStateint GetCapState(void);RETURNS: Zero if CAPSLOCK is off, non-zero if it is on. GetEventgsdxEvent_t * GetEvent(gsdxEvent_t *pEvent=NULL);This function should be called frequently to ensure all user i/o is processed correctly. This function updates internal data structures that are used by the i/o state functions. Even if you never use any events and only poll the i/o devices this function MUST be called frequently (a minimum of 60Hz is recommended).If pEvent is NULL the user I/O is processed, but the latest event is discarded. All state information (eg joystick and mouse x, y position) is updated each time this function is called. InitIO() must be called with the events desired turned on. If a gsdxEvent_t pointer is passed in then the oldest event is copied to it.Events: Keyboard: each key press and release is an event. Joystick:X,Y, Rudder: moving to left/right/top/bottom or returning to centre generates an event. Throttle (Z): each movement of more than 100th of the total throttle range generates an event. Buttons: all presses and releases generate an event. HAT: any change generates an event. Mouse:Buttons: each press and release generates an event. X, Y: any movement generates an event. Wheel: each `click' generates an event. Please see the definition of gsdxEvent_t for details on the data returned in an event.pEvent: pointer to gsdxEvent_t to hold the event information.RETURNS: NULL if no event is ready, or no event passed in. Returns a pointer to pEvent if an event is available.GetIoModeDWORD GetIoMode(void);Return the current I/O mode. A bitmask containing these options:GSDX_IO_WANT_MOUSE_EVENTS GSDX_IO_WANT_KEY_EVENTS GSDX_IO_WANT_JOYSTICK_EVENTS GSDX_IO_KEY_AUTO_REPEAT GSDX_IO_WANT_ALL_EVENTS GetJoystickInfoint GetJoystickInfo(gsdxJoystickInfo_t *pJinfo, int index=0);Return information about the detected joysticks.pJinfo pointer to structure to hold the information for the selected joystick. index index number of the joystick to get information on. Joysticks index start at zero (0). Use GetNumberOfJoysticks() to get the maximum index.// joystick enumeration informationtypedef struct{int num_buttons; // joy buttonsint num_axis; // x, y, throttle, rudder etc...int num_povs; // number of pov devices, eg a 'hat'}gsdxJoystickInfo_t;RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure. GetJoystickStateint GetJoystickState(gsdxJoystickState_t *pState, int index=0);Return the current state of the selected joystick, that is, the current X, Y throttle, etc. values.pState pointer to structure to hold the selected joysticks state. index index to select joystick, indexes start at zero. // current joystick statetypedef struct{int x, y, z; // z is throttle on MS sidewinderint rx, ry, rz; // three 'rudders' rz is used by MS sidewinderint pov[GSDX_MAX_POV]; // multiple pov'sDWORD buttons; // 32 buttons, if a bit is set the button is DOWN}gsdxJoystickState_t;Example: gsdxJoystickState_t joyState;char temp[100], *t1;DWORD mask;GetEvent(NULL);GetJoyStickState(&joyState);// check the first 10 buttonst1=temp;for ( mask=1,i=0; i < 10; i++, mask<<=1 ){if ( (mask & joyState.buttons) )*t1='*';else*t1=' ';t1++;}RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure. GetNumberOfJoysticksinline int GetNumberOfJoysticks(void);Get the number of active joysticks detected.RETURNS: Number of active joysticks detected. GetNumStateint GetNumState(void);RETURNS: Zero if the NUMLOCK is off, non-zero if it is on. GetMouseInfoint GetMouseInfo(gsdxMouseInfo_t *pMinfo);Return information on the type of mouse detected.pMinfo: pointer to a gsdxMouseInfo_t to hold the mouse information.typedef struct{int num_buttons; // left, right, wheel button, other buttonsint num_axis; // X Y are 2 axis, wheel mouse adds a third axis.}gsdxMouseInfo_t;RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure. GetMouseStateint GetMouseState(gsdxMouseState_t *pState);Return the current state of the mouse, X, Y, wheel position, buttons.pState: pointer to structure to hold the current mouse state.// current mouse statetypedef struct{int x, y, z; // wheel is z, current value for each of theseint dx, dy, dz; // wheel is z, change in each value since last callDWORD buttons; // if a bit is set the button is down.int max_x, max_y, max_z; // Max_x and max_y // default to the screen resolution in pixels.}gsdxMouseState_t;RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure. GetScrollStateint GetScrollState(void);RETURNS: Zero if the SCROLLOCK is off, non-zero if it is on. InitIOint InitIO(DWORD options=GSDX_IO_WANT_ALL_EVENTS);Must be called before using any other i/o functions. InitGraphics() MUST be called before InitIO() is called.options: controls the type of events generated by GetEvent(). Use a logical OR to combine the desired events.GSDX_IO_WANT_MOUSE_EVENTS GSDX_IO_WANT_KEY_EVENTS GSDX_IO_WANT_JOYSTICK_EVENTS GSDX_IO_KEY_AUTO_REPEAT GSDX_IO_WANT_ALL_EVENTS RETURNS: Zero on success. A GSDX_ERROR_ code on failure.IsKeyDownint IsKeyDown(DWORD index);Return the current status of one key on the keyboard. Note that due to limitations of keyboard hardware that only a limited number of keys can be held down simultaneously.index: the DIK_ code (as defined by the MS include file) of the key to query.RETURNS: Zero if the key is not currently pressed, no-zero if it is currently pressed.Example: if ( IsKeyDown(DIK_ESCAPE) )printf("ESC is pressed\n");All supported DIK codes (not all keyboards have all these keys):[Editor's note: this is a long list] DIK_ESCAPEDIK_1DIK_2DIK_3DIK_4DIK_5DIK_6DIK_7DIK_8DIK_9DIK_0DIK_MINUSDIK_EQUALSDIK_BACK DIK_TABDIK_QDIK_WDIK_EDIK_RDIK_TDIK_YDIK_UDIK_IDIK_ODIK_PDIK_LBRACKETDIK_RBRACKETDIK_RETURNDIK_LCONTROLDIK_ADIK_SDIK_DDIK_FDIK_GDIK_HDIK_JDIK_KDIK_LDIK_SEMICOLONDIK_APOSTROPHEDIK_GRAVEDIK_LSHIFTDIK_BACKSLASHDIK_ZDIK_XDIK_CDIK_VDIK_BDIK_NDIK_MDIK_COMMADIK_PERIODDIK_SLASHDIK_RSHIFTDIK_MULTIPLYDIK_LMENUDIK_SPACEDIK_CAPITALDIK_F1DIK_F2DIK_F3DIK_F4DIK_F5DIK_F6DIK_F7DIK_F8DIK_F9DIK_F10DIK_NUMLOCKDIK_SCROLLDIK_NUMPAD7DIK_NUMPAD8DIK_NUMPAD9DIK_SUBTRACTDIK_NUMPAD4DIK_NUMPAD5DIK_NUMPAD6DIK_ADDDIK_NUMPAD1DIK_NUMPAD2DIK_NUMPAD3DIK_NUMPAD0DIK_DECIMALDIK_OEM_102DIK_F11DIK_F12DIK_F13DIK_F14DIK_F15DIK_KANADIK_ABNT_C1DIK_CONVERTDIK_NOCONVERTDIK_YENDIK_ABNT_C2DIK_NUMPADEQUALSDIK_PREVTRACKDIK_ATDIK_COLONDIK_UNDERLINEDIK_KANJIDIK_STOPDIK_AXDIK_UNLABELEDDIK_NEXTTRACKDIK_NUMPADENTERDIK_RCONTROLDIK_MUTEDIK_CALCULATORDIK_PLAYPAUSEDIK_MEDIASTOPDIK_VOLUMEDOWNDIK_VOLUMEUPDIK_WEBHOMEDIK_NUMPADCOMMADIK_DIVIDEDIK_SYSRQDIK_RMENUDIK_PAUSEDIK_HOMEDIK_UPDIK_PRIORDIK_LEFTDIK_RIGHTDIK_ENDDIK_DOWNDIK_NEXTDIK_INSERTDIK_DELETEDIK_LWINDIK_RWINDIK_APPSDIK_POWERDIK_SLEEPDIK_WAKEDIK_WEBSEARCHDIK_WEBFAVORITESDIK_WEBREFRESHDIK_WEBSTOPDIK_WEBFORWARDDIK_WEBBACKDIK_MYCOMPUTERDIK_MAILDIK_MEDIASELECTSetAutoRepeatvoid SetAutoRepeat(DWORD rep);Set the keyboard auto-repeat rate in milliseconds.SetAutoRepeatStartvoid SetAutoRepeatStart(DWORD rep);Set the keyboard auto-repeat rate in milliseconds. SetIoModevoid SetIoMode(DWORD ioMode);Set the i/o mode. Use these values:GSDX_IO_WANT_MOUSE_EVENTS GSDX_IO_WANT_KEY_EVENTS GSDX_IO_WANT_JOYSTICK_EVENTS GSDX_IO_KEY_AUTO_REPEAT GSDX_IO_WANT_ALL_EVENTS (includes auto-repeat) Example: DWORD currMode;// turn off keyboard autorepeatcurrMode=GetIoMode();currMode&=~ GSDX_IO_KEY_AUTO_REPEAT;SetIoMode(currMode);// and turn it back oncurrMode=GetIoMode();currMode|= GSDX_IO_KEY_AUTO_REPEAT;SetIoMode(currMode);GuiLibGuiLib provides functions that display and use simple graphical user interfaces suitable for use with games without using any MFC or win32 calls. Use GUIEdit to create GUI panels. Multiple panels can be loaded, but only the last loaded panel is active and returns events. Initialization gui_load_gadget gui_pop_gadget gui_unload_gadget gui_unload_all_gadgets gui_load_mouse gui_hide_mouse gui_show_mouse gui_do_gadget gui_draw_gadget gui_draw_all_gadgets InitializationCGui::CGui(CgsdxIO *dx);dx: pointer to a fully initialised CgsdxIO object. dx is used for all i/o operations, including drawing the gui panel.RETURNS: voidExample: if ( dx.InitResource(0) ) return 0;if ( dx.InitGraphics(640, 480, 32, GSDX_FULL_SCREEN, g_hInst, g_hMainWnd) ) return 0;if ( dx.InitSound() ) return 0;if ( dx.InitIO() ) return 0;CGui gui(&dx);CGui::~CGui(); On exit the current gui panel is unloaded. See testgui for an example of using the gui lib.gui_load_gadgetint gui_load_gadget(char *fname);int gui_load_gadget(BYTE *buff);Load a new gui panel, and prepare it for use. Makes it the active panel (loads onto tail of panel list)fname name of the gui panel to load. The dx resource loader is used to locate the file. buff pointer to a memory buffer holding a raw gui panel file. RETURNS: zero if no errors.gui_pop_gadgetvoid gui_pop_gadget(void)Free the last gadget (panel) from the list and make the previous gadget the current gadget (panel). gui_unload_gadgetvoid gui_unload_gadget(gui_list_t *gui_list);Unload one panel, freeing all memory being used. An advanced function - generally gui_pop_gadget() is used to free the last gadget. gui_unload_all_gadgetsint gui_unload_all_gadgets()Unload ALL gadgets (panels) and free any memory they use. gui_load_mousevoid gui_load_mouse(char *mouse_name);Load a bitmap to be used as the mouse pointer.mouse_name: name of a bmp file to be loaded and used as the mouse pointer. The WHOLE bitmap is used. gui_hide_mousevoid gui_hide_mouse(void);gui_show_mousevoid gui_show_mouse(void);Hide or show the mouse. These calls can be nested. The mouse is hidden initially. gui_do_gadgetint gui_do_gadget(gsdxEvent_t *event);Do all logic related to a gui panel. Does not draw the gui panel. Takes user input and updates the status of the gui panel. See testgui for a complete example of its use in a normal windows program. The gadget (panel) last loaded is active. event: pointer an event to return any user i/o in. The event type will indicate if it is a gui event, or other type of user i/o. The ID will indicate which gadget was used if it is a gui event.RETURNS: non-zero if the user generated any events.Example: typedef struct{ HFONT font; int frame_count; DWORD last_time, elapsed; int paused; int done; char msg[MSGLEN+1]; CGui *m_pGui;}TestInfo_t;TestInfo_t tt;int DoTestLogic(CgsdxIO *dx){ gsdxEvent_t event; if ( tt.paused ) return tt.done; if ( tt.m_pGui->gui_do_gadget(&event) ) { if ( event.type == GSDX_IO_TYPE_GUI) { switch ( event.event.gui.type ) { case GUI_BUTTON: sprintf(tt.msg, "Button id %d clicked", event.event.gui.id); break; case GUI_RADIO: sprintf(tt.msg, "Radio id %d clicked, active = %d", event.event.gui.id, event.event.gui.parm1); break; case GUI_SLIDER: sprintf(tt.msg, "Slider id %d height = %d", event.event.gui.id, event.event.gui.parm1); break; case GUI_STRING_INPUT: sprintf(tt.msg, "Input id %d", event.event.gui.id); break; case GUI_PLIST: sprintf(tt.msg, "Plist id %d cursor item = %d", event.event.gui.id, event.event.gui.parm1); break; } } if ( dx->IsKeyDown(DIK_ESCAPE) ) tt.done=1; } return tt.done;}gui_draw_gadgetvoid gui_draw_gadget(void);Draw the active gadget (panel). Should be called once per frame to update the gui panel to reflect user interaction.Example: int DoTestDraw(CgsdxIO *dx){int err=0;char temp[128];if ( tt.paused ) return 0;dx->RectFill(NULL, 0); // fill screen blacktt.m_pGui->gui_draw_gadget();// draw some texttt.frame_count++;if ( tt.frame_count > 100 ){tt.elapsed=timeGetTime() - tt.last_time;tt.last_time=timeGetTime();tt.frame_count=0;}sprintf(temp, "frameRate: %04d", tt.elapsed/10);dx->DrawText(tt.font, 1,1, RGB(0,255,0), 0, temp);dx->DrawText(tt.font, 150,1, RGB(0,255,0), 0, tt.msg);tt.m_pGui->gui_draw_mouse();dx->Flip();return err;}gui_draw_all_gadgetsvoid CGui::gui_draw_all_gadgets()Draw ALL currently loaded gadgets. GuiEditGuiEdit is a visual editor for creating gui panels that can be used with the GUI lib. Gadgets can be added, deleted, copied, moved, resized, and the details edited. Use TestGui to display and test your gui panels under fullscreen mode. The TestGui source code also is a good example of using a gui panel created with GUIEdit. This version of GuiEdit supports lists, buttons, radio buttons, text, and sliders.NOTE! Use ID's higher than 99 for the gadgets you create to avoid conflicts with system created gadgets.MenusMenus File Save, Load gui panels. Works as expected. Edit Not used. View Turn on/off tool bars. Gui Grid - Set grid related options. When the Grid is ON, gadgets can only be moved and sized on the `grid' Default Values - set default values used when creating new gadgets. These are NOT saved automatically on program exit. Save Defaults - save the current defaults. Only one set can be saved. Tab Order - When this is turned on the tab-order of each gadget is displayed at its top-left corner. Click on the gadgets in the order you want them to tab through. If gadgets are already in order you must still click on them in order. The next tab number is displayed at the lower-left of the view window. Choose this option again to leave the tab-order mode. Context (Right-click) Right-click on a gadget or the main rectangle to bring up this menu. Add Gadget - add a gadget at the current mouse position. The top-left corner of the new gadget will be at the mouse position. Choose the desired gadget from the sub-menu. Properties - will pop up a dialog allowing all options for the gadget under the mouse to be set. Copy - copy the gadget under the mouse. Delete - delete the gadget under the mouse. Gadgets Static Text, Used to place text on the gui panel. Cannot be edited. Input Box, Allows the user to enter text. If the `password' option is enabled then only asterisks `*' are displayed. If the `numbers' option is selected only digits and the period `.' can be entered. Text entered can be up to 255 characters long. The input box supports horizontal scrolling. Button - text Button - bitmap Button - sprite, a button that can be clicked on with one of the preceding items displayed on it. Slider, a vertical or horizontal slider. Radio buttons, a set of mutually exclusive buttons. Only one can be active. Pick-List, display a list of text items and allow one, or multiple items to be selected. General Left-click on a gadget and drag to move it. Left-click on a gadget's lower, right corner and drag to re-size it. Right click on a gadget to access its properties. SpriteLibSpriteLib provides simple functions to load and display sprites created with SpriteEdit. A sprite is a collection of small bitmaps that are animated, eg bitmaps for a walking character.CSprite DrawSprite IncrementSprite AnimateSpriteBank FreeSpriteBank LoadSpriteBank GetWidest/Highest SetHDC SetSpriteBank GetSpriteBank GetDrawMode GetCollisionRect GetCurrentFrame GetCurrentFrameNum GetNumAttachPoints GetNumFrames GetAttachPoints GetID SetID GetDelay SetDelay GetDX/DY GetChangeMode SetChamgeMode SetDX/DY GetNumSprites CSpriteCSprite(CgsdxIO *dx);Create a spriteObject. Each sprite object can hold multiple sprites, as created with SpriteEdit.dx: pointer to a initialized CgsdxIO object.RETURNS: void DrawSpriteint DrawSprite(int index, int x, int y)Each sprite in the currently loaded set is indexed, starting at zero. This function draws one sprite, using its current frame at position x, y. X, Y is the position of the top left corner of the sprite (plus adjustments as made in the sprite editor). RETURNS: zero if no error, non-zero if error.IncrementSpriteint IncrementSprite(int sprite_index, int direction);Make the next or previous frame of the sprite current. Ignores the changeMode of the sprite. Useful for sprites with a manual changeMode. sprite_index index of sprite to increment. direction set to greater than zero for the next frame, set to less than zero for the previous frame. Will wrap the frame to the beginning/end if max/min frame is exceeded. RETURNS: zero if no error, non-zero if error.AnimateSpriteBankint AnimateSpriteBank(void);Move all sprites to the next frame if it is time to move them. Each sprite can have an independent animation speed which is honoured by this function.RETURNS: zero if no error, non-zero if error. FreeSpriteBankint FreeSpriteBank(void);Free all resources associated with all sprites in the bank;RETURNS: zero if no error, non-zero if error. LoadSpriteBankint LoadSpriteBank(char *fname);int LoadSpriteBank(BYTE *buff);Load a sprite bank, as created by SpriteEdit into memory. Fname name of a spritebank file. Uses the DX resource functions, thus requires that InitResources() has been called. buff pointer to memory holding a valid spritebank file image. RETURNS: zero if no error, non-zero if error.GetWidest/Highestint GetWidest(int index);int GetHighest(int index);Return the index of the Widest/Highest sprite in the current bank.RETURNS: zero if no error, non-zero if error. SetHDCinline void SetHDC(HDC hdc);SetSpriteBankinline void SetSpriteBank(spriteBank_t *bank);RETURNS: zero if no error, non-zero if error. GetSpriteBankinline spriteBank_t *GetSpriteBank(void);Returns a pointer to the internal spriteBank structure. Not reccomended that you use this function! It allows you to directly change ANY value in the sprite bank.See spritelib.h for details of the structure. GetDrawModeinline DWORD GetDrawMode(void);Get the drawMode. Has no effect currently. SetDrawModeinline void SetDrawMode(DWORD mode);Get the drawMode. Has no effect currently. GetCollisionRectinline RECT *GetCollisionRect(int index);Get the collision rect of the current frame for the sprite indicated by index. GetCurrentFrameinline spriteFrame_t *GetCurrentFrame(int index);Get a pointer to the internal data for the current frame of the sprite indicated by index. Allows any value of the current frame to be changed.See spritelib.h for details of the structure.GetCurrentFrameNuminline int GetCurrentFrameNum(int index);Get the current frame number (starting at zero) for the sprite indicated by index. GetNumAttachPointsinline int GetNumAttachPoints(int index);Get the number of attach points defined for the sprite indicated by index. GetNumFramesinline int GetNumFrames(int index);Get the number of frames for the sprite indicated by index. GetAttachPointsinline POINT *GetAttachPoints(int index, int indexAttach);Get a pointer to the POINT structure for the attach point for the current frame. Index sprite index; IndexAttach index of the attach point to get for the current frame. GetAttachPointsinline POINT *GetAttachPoints(int index);Get ALL the attach points for the current frame of the sprite indicted by index. Points are returned as an array of POINT structures. GetIDinline DWORD GetID(int index);Return the ID of the sprite indicated by index. Each sprite can have an ID set in SpriteEdit. SetIDinline void SetID(int index, DWORD id);Set the ID of a sprite. GetDelayinline DWORD GetDelay(int index);Get the delay between changing to the next frame. The delay controls how fast the sprite is animated. The delay is in milliseconds (not terribly accurate). SetDelayinline void SetDelay(int index, DWORD delay);Set the delay between frame changes, in milliseconds for a sprite. GetDX/DYinline int GetDX(int index);inline int GetDY(int index);Get dx or dy for the current frame. Dx/Dy is added the position the sprite is drawn at. This is set using the editor to make sprites line up nicely when animated. GetChangeModeinline DWORD GetChangeMode(int index);Get the current changeMode of a sprite. Will be one of:CHANGE_MANUAL: animation is OFFCHANGE_CYCLE: 0 to n, back to n, ...CHANGE_PONG: 0 to n, n to 0, 0 to n... SetChangeModeinline void SetChangeMode(int index, DWORD mode);change the sprites changemode to one of:CHANGE_MANUAL: animation is OFFCHANGE_CYCLE: 0 to n, back to n, ...CHANGE_PONG: 0 to n, n to 0, 0 to n... SetDX/DYinline void SetDX(int index, int dx);inline void SetDY(int index, int dy);Set the dx/dy for the current frame of the sprite. Dx/dy is added to the drawing position. GetNumSpritesinline int GetNumSprites(void);Get the number of sprites in the bank. Valid index are 0 to the number returned minus one. SpriteEditA sprite is a small graphic that can be moved across (animated) on the screen. Each sprite is made up of multiple frames that can be animated also. SpriteEdit allows you to load a bitmap, and select regions of the bitmap to be the frames of a sprite. Multiple sprites can be made from a single bitmap, and multiple bitmaps can be loaded into one "spritebank".In general:Load a bitmap Create a new sprite Add frames to the sprite Save the sprite GlossaryLoad Rect: rectangular region of a bitmap surrounding one frame of a sprite. Collision Rect: a rectangle, no larger than the current sprite frame, indicating where collision detection takes place. Attach point: a point on the frame used as a reference for other actions, eg tip of a weapon where bullets would shoot from. Frame: one image in a sprite. Sprite: a collection of frames that can be animated Bitmap: a picture containing artwork for one or more frames. MenusFile Save, Load sprite banks. Works as expected. Edit Not used. View Turn on/off tool bars. Sprite Animate Frames - toggle animation Display Load Rect - toggle display of Load Rectangle outlines Display Collision Rect - toggle display of collision rectangle outlines Display Attach Points - toggle display of attach points Load Bitmap - load an new bitmap that frames can be selected from Add Frame - add a new frame after the current frame Add Attach Point - append a new attach point Delete Frame - delete the current frame Delete Attach Point - delete the LAST attach point Properties - Properties for the current sprite, and the current frame New Sprite - add a new sprite to this bank Delete Sprite - delete the current sprite General Left click and drag on a visible rectangle to move it. Hold down the SHIFT key while dragging to resize a rectangle. Hold down the CTRL key while dragging a collision rectangle to adjust the dx/dy of the current frame. When adding a frame the currently displayed bitmap is used. When adding a new sprite it is created with one frame that uses the currently displayed bitmap. Loading a bitmap has no effect on the current sprite or frame. Toolbar The first two arrow icons move to the previous and next frames of the current sprite. Hold down the shift key while clicking to move the previous and next bitmaps. The second pair of arrows moves to the previous and next sprite. The left and right arrow keys also change frames. The up and down arrow keys change sprites.

[iGuest 3]

 I recommend C++ from the ground up, helped me alot.

-reply by Joe Douglas