vizskywalker

You can also use the <map> tag and simply define the map to be the whole image. This eliminates the blue highlight that the <a> tag frequently places around images. The format is as follows: <map name = "label"><area shape = "type" coords = "*" href = "url"></area>. Make label the label for your map, make type "circle" for a circle, "rect" for a rectangle, or "poly" for any other polygon. If type is "circle", coords takes the format "x, y, r" where (x, y) is the center point and r is the radius. If type is "rect", coords takes the format "x1, y1, x2, y2" where (x1, y1) is the upper left, corner and (x2, y2) is the lower right corner. If type is "poly", coords takes the format "x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, ..., xn, yn" where every (x, y) pair is one coordinate of one of the polygons points. Then use an <img> tag with a format like this: <img src ="yourimage.gif" usemap = "#label"> .

EA applies to all other processors. However, for the 286 it takes only 1 clock cycle no matter what, and the number decreases from there. So the 286 is listed at three because it is the two of the 808x plus the one from EA. THe 808x is listed at 2 plus EA because it is a minimum of 3, but it can be more. You might be right about the pentiums, but they continually get faster, and the minimum for a clock cycle without hyper-threading is 1. Actually it is 1 with hyperthreading as well, but hyperthreading allows more than one to be executed at the same time giving the illusion of one. The method I gave you for calculation was only a rough estimate that doesn't apply as well to pentium chips as it does to 486 and below because the pentium chip totally changed the architecture. The other 8086 type chips simply added more instructions and more processing capability and more temporary storage to allow for faster clock cycles. Also, the built in math coprocessor that comes with most 486 chips helps decrease the clock cycles.

I'm not too familiar with the segment override feature as I have never used it, but I think it works something like this. The lodsw instruction uses ds:si as a pointer to where the wrd of data is. But if for whatever reason you would rather use fs:si, you can use the fs segment override to change the pointer from ds:si to fs:si. And I don't understad why it takes more time to calculate the offset for certain arrangements of registers either. It probably has to do with the way Intel set up there processors and may not apply on newer Pentiums.

The tuts are going to start at newbie level and go as far as I can, hopefully including VESA, but I'm having a problem with refresh rates. For LEA it takes 2 + EA for an 808x, 3 for a 286, 2 for a 386, and 1 for a 486, and 1 for Pentium. EA is the number of cycles it takes to calculate the effective address: 5 for base, 5 for index, 6 for displacement, 7 for BP + DI or BX + SI, 8 for BX + DI or BP + SI, 11 for BP + DI + displacement or BX + SI + displacement, 12 for BX + DI + displacement or BP + SI + displacement. Add an extra 2 for a segment override.

I don't know how long it will take, but I think it will take less time for an offshoot language than a language written from scratch. An offshoot is also easier to create. Currently I'm working on a language from scratch designed for game creation, I guess we can watch how long that will take.

As far as mov ax, 0a000h goes, adding leading zeros never affects data in most compilers. I use TASM (well, I'm writing my own but that's what I use now), and TASM treats anything beginning with a letter as a symbol for a variable. So I have to preface all hex numbers beginning with a letter with 0. And If you want to learn assembly, lordofthecynics, there are plenty of good tutorials out there, such as Art of Assembly. And I'm planning on putting some assembly tutorials in the Tutorial section of this forum soon.

If by they you mean the people who arrive at the clock ticks then it works like this. A basic computer, if it starts with a blank processor does something like this:Tick # Action 1 Action 21 Load Instruction #1 N/A2 Load Data for Instruction #1 Preread Instruction #23 Perform Instruction #1 Preread Data for Instruction #24 Perform Instruction #2 Preread Instruction #35 Load Data for Instruction #3 Preread Instruction #46 Perform Instruction #3 Preread Data for Instruction #4etc.Each step in either action one or action two that an instruction requires adds one to the tick count that instruction requires. Some instructions don't require data or require two clock ticks to get the data or perform the operation. If a preread needs to access data that is being accessed by the current instruction, it must wait until that instruction finishes. That is why optimization tutorials say to not write code like this:mov ax, 0a000hmov es, axmov si, 0000hbut like this:mov ax, 0a000hmov si, 0000hmov es, ax

The clock ticks can be determined by looking at assembler code, and making use of the page that shows clock ticks to count the number of ticks each instruction takes. The Intel manual is to determine how many bytes each instruction will be if necessary. And I will keep my eyes out for a Pentium II+ listing and/or a program to generate the clock cycles.

I do use Perl for CGI because it is the only thing my current webhoster allows other than javascript, and I prefer CGi to javascripts for filling out forms and need it for login purposes. I also use perl for quick little scripts I need to write, and was working on a chat program for it. I gave that up when every program I wrote would hang on the $socket -> listen(); command. I use WinPerl and if you ave any suggestions I would appreciate them. I also use many other languages, especially assembly. It really just depends on my mood.

I'll reply to both posts in this topic. To the first one, I don't know of any programs that do it, but I know many sites that list the CPU clocks that each instruction takes one various chips ranging from 2 or 386 to pentium and sometimes beyond. This is one of the better ones: https://packetstormsecurity.com/programbly/opcode.html. You can pair this with the intel instruction set opcode reference found here, http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/design/resource-design-center.html;, to figure out how long each instruction will take. I can also try and write one for you but my best guess as to when it would be done is at least a year if my friend will help me. I know I once had a program that recorded the number of clock ticks a program took but can't for the life of me remember what it was, sorry.

For the second post, x86 asm (properly known as x86 assembly) is the most basic mnemonic set for machine code instructions (the ones and zeros a computer actually uses). The x86 implies that it is run on chips that support the intel 86 architecture which means any of their chips whose real names end in 86. A pentium, for example, is really an 80586, while the first of the set is an 8086. AMD chips also support this architecture, while Apple computers do not. Each instruction requires a certain amount of clock ticks to be carried out. A clock tick is like the second hand of the clock jumping from one second to two, then three, etc. Every time it jumps, it makes a clock tick. But on computers clock ticks occur several times a second, a 1 Mhz computer theoretically undergoes 1048576 clock ticks per second. It has nothing to do with the operating system the computer is running on.

Thanks anyway.

That's okay, but it appears as if the pixel clock method not specific to Xfree86 doesn't have a way to take a refresh rate and get a pixel clock yet, and the Xfree86 page is specific to Xfree86, and I'm working on Windows XP. If you know of any other sites that can help generate the pixel clock or have methods for a CRT Controller I would appreciate it. Thanks for your help.

You do raise a good point, BASIc does tend to promote spaghetti code. I guess it is better to learn whichever language is the easiest to get a compiler/interpreter and tutorials for. It also tends to depend on what you want in a language.

I know there are some freeware programs available that capture the screen in video format. I don't know how many of them also allow audio capture, but you could search on Yahoo to find them. Or you could find a different program for video editing and use that to add sound. There are many freeware programs that allow that as well. My preliminary search for you didn't find any good freeware programs, but here is a list of shareware programs that do what you ask: http://forums.xisto.com/no_longer_exists/.

Graphics aren't necessary, but many people like to be able to use them, and it helps make programming more fun for beginners to be able to do rudimentary graphics.

While C++ is a more powerful programming language, and I use it frequently, I still feel that starting to learn to program in some form of BASIC would be better. BASIC has a lot of features built right into it that C++ does not offer, such as graphics routines and easy string manipulation. Also, it is useful when beginning to program not to need to worry about memory. However, I would eventually learn C++, such as when you have written a program in BASIC that runs well and is more complex than a simple calculator if you are in VB and definitely more complex than Hello World.

It sounds like your problem may not be a browser issuea, because one site works fine. Perhaps with some code 9or a link to the sites, or both) we could help you better.

Very few differences between the code exist, simply because the code of VB has to interact with the GUI environment. But I started with QBASIC, and all of the QBASIC commands are supported in VB, and control structures like loops, cnditionals, and variables work the same way. As far as the book goes, there is one that is made by SAMS that has their Teach Yourself VB in 21 Days, and Teach Yourself More VB in 21 Days, as well as an intriductory version of VB. THis is what I currently have. The introductory version doesn't have all of the control structures as the full version, and it doesn't allow compilation. If you are at a university you can probably get full VB for $5, or full Visual Studio for $35. As far as the SAMS combo goes, it is around $10 at Amazon.

Yeah, thanks, it's windows (xp and 98), pentium 1 through 4, and VESA 1.0 to 3.0. I'm trying to use gtf timings to generate the pixel clock I need, but they don't make the fomula public, and I know it's been done, so i was wondering if anyone here might know them or an alternate method. Thank you so much.

The whole point of Visual Basic is the GUI. For one of the easiest to learn and cheapest versions of BASIC, try QBASIC (a.k.a. QuickBasic). QBASIC comes standard with any true MS-DOS machine. Otherwise, do a search for download qb7.1 to find the most recent version. For great tutorials, search for Vic qbasic tutorial. Hope this helps.

It depends on what your three fans are. If all three are case fans then you could probably shift to one or two (probably one). It is usually a good idea to keep a cpu fan, though those are usually pretty quiet. It also depends on what kind of cpu you have. With a Pentium 2, the chip is bigger so cooling is more important, but Petium 2s usually have bigger cpu fans. Any other chip should be fine with only one fan unless you live in a very warm environment. A temperate climate will do fine with just one fan, most computers come with only one cpu fan. When shopping for a fan you should take a look at the decibal rating (dBA). Many fans are around 30 dBA, which is not very loud. Antec makes very good cheap fans like this one: http://ww2.emicrox.com/rg-erdr.php?_rpo=t.
They also come in a variety of colors.

Anytime. HTML Goodies helped me with many a webpage in many different ways. It also produces books that are of pretty good quality. You may find them at your library. Good luck!

I started working in assembler about a year ago. Several months ago I attempted to use SVGA graphics mode. However, when I use the VESA standards I run into a problem where the refresh rate that the program sets with a mode is outside the operating parameters of the monitor. Does anyone know of any sites that explain how to solve this problem, or can anyone explain it themself? Thanks.

Try HTML goodies. It has great tutorials on many tasks in many different script languages. THe javascript cookie tutorial can be found here: http://www.htmlgoodies.com/beyond/javascript/article.php/3470821

Another deciding factor is how your webhost handles each. The one I currently use, Tripod, only allows CGI. I wouldn't use it to make a game, however, because they will only run a script for a couple seconds. Hunt around for games made in both to base your decision off of. To see what CGI is capacble of, check out Lunatix Online: http://www.lunatix-online.com/ .