fughain

In the name of GodThe Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea.It is named after the ancient Caspians.But what here we are going to talk about, is origin of this name.The Caspians or Caspi were ancient people dwelling along the southwestern shore of the Caspian Sea.The Caspians have generally been regarded as a pre-Indo-European, that is, a pre-Iranian, people and have even been identified by some scholars with the Kassites.Casspians inhabited in province of Guilan,northern Iran,where the language people speak is Guilaki that is greatly close to Mazandarani and and not that close,but still simular to Persian.The Caspians must therefore be considered either an Iranian people or strongly under Iranian cultural influence.They were one of the branches of Kass people that were generally divided into two branches,namley Cassies and Casspies.In old Guilaki,Kass'es language, 'si' means mountain and 'pi ' means river or a river's delta.Casies were those who lived in mountains of Guilan and Caspies were people who lived beside the Casspian sea at the Sepidrud's delta.Sepidrud is a very great river that flows into the beautiful land of Guilan and divides it into two general parts,namely 'piepas (or biepas)' and 'piepish (or biepish)'.Biepas refers to the western regions of Guilan and means 'before the river' ,and biepish refers to the eastern regions of Guilan and means 'front of the river'.In these two terms,biepas/piepas and biepish/piepish, the word 'pie' has the same meaning as it has in the word Caspian, which is river.And finally about the little suffix 'ian' as in Casspian,there are two general theorems that both seem two be correct and logical:The first one says its the famous siffix in english that means ''someone or something of, from, or connected with a particular thing, place, or person '' as used in the following words for illustrartion: India and Indian,Iran and Iranian,America and American,etc.The second theorem claims that that 'ian' at the end of the word is the wellknown suffix both in Persian and Guilaki that when added to the end of a word,makes it plural,just the same as 's' in english.So the word Casspian will be the plural form of Caspie.This idea seems more acceptable when one considers that in Guilaki when name of a nation or city,etc, is made plural,it can refer to the land that the nation exists in or the region arround the city.And then the word Caspian will bear the meaning of "attributed to the land of Caspies".Of course there are other names in Guilan to support and illustrate this consept,like the word Guilan itself(guil+an=guilan) which means land of Guils and Guils are people who currently live in Guilan and are believed to be one of the sons of Kasses by many historians.Other examples are Deylaman(where Deylam people live,Saravan,Ghazian,Rashtian,Lahijan,etc that all are names of different placs in Guilan.So Caspian sea is a Guilaki word and comes after the name of ancient Caspians.

In the name of GodHave you ever heard of Genetic algotithm? You might think it must be a very complicated theorem in biological issues! But i want to let you know that it's not like what you think.Genetic algorithm is a mathematical theroem that is usually applied to solve both constrianed and unconstrianed optimization problems,specially when dealling with functions that are discrete, highly nonlinear or stochastical.It's called 'Genetic Algorithm' because it works in the same way that biological evolution does in the nature.Well, i agree that it's abit hard to understand how genetic algorithm works,but if you are to solve some optimization problem, you dont have to have detailed information about the topic.You might be surprised if i tell you that there are many engineers ( specially electrical and mechanical engineers) that widely manipulate genetic algorithm to solve their problems while not having really much information about the algorithm itself(you'd better know there is such a thing about neural networks and artificial intelligence too).Now you may ask what should one do to use the algorithm.My suggestion is to start using MATLAB® software that is produced by mathworks,Inc.The software usually includes a package that consists of MATLAB®, MATLAB® Compiler and other MATLAB family products, Simulink®, Real-Time Workshop®, and other Simulink family products.Comprehensive information is provided there(in MATLAB help) that you can start with.But if you are not patiant enough to install the software and read the document yourself, i can give you some information about how you can use this ability of the software.First you have to write a program that can take the independent variables of your function(inputs of the function you want to minimize, maximize or optimize anyway) and output one single dependent variable as the output.You can wirte this program in any kind of editor you might desire,but MATLAB's editor will be the best one and easiest to use.MATLAB's compiler is really similar to C language's compiler,but just a little bit different,but its really easier to use.So if you know programming in C, dont worry about this matter,just go over the information provided at the help and be sure that you will start programming in MATLAB very soon.When you are done with writing the program,then you have two choices for the next step.You can either use the GUI(graphical user interface) provided for this purpose, namley 'gatool' or call it programmatically using MATLAB command line and calling the fucntion 'ga'.In both options you should feed them(the function or the GUI) the objective function(the fucntion that you had written)and some other information like initial values for independent parameters of the function.Then the result will be the point(s) where your function fites the best and the value of the function in this/these point(s).As you might agree,it's not that hard to use such a great optimization algorithm,Genetic algorithm,to solve your related problems if you start using MATLAB or other similar softwares.If you dont think so,just take note of effectivness of this approach and compare it to other ones.And remember!You dont have to really understand the way the algorithm works, you just have to know how to USE it.

In the name of GodIn this short article we are going to explain how new words can be built in Persian(Farsi), as an 'Indo-European' language(Indo-European languages include languages like: Persian(Farsi), Greek, Latin, German, French, English,etc).This article is written based on Prof.Hessabi's(the great Iranian scientist that is famous as the father of physics in Iran,peace be upon him) discussion on Persian's capabilities vs Arabic.We are going to discuss on the structure of Indo-European languages.we want to see how its possible to build many scientific words in these languages easily.There are little root-words in Persian that are about 1500 ones(that makes the language easy to learn)and approximately 250 prefixes and 600 suffixes that adding them to roots , many words can be built.For example using the root 'ro' (i dont have Persian font , so i have to use Pinglish(Persian-English)), and the prefixe 'pish', words like 'pishro' and 'pishraft' can be built that mean leader and improvement respectively.Also using the same root with suffixes 'and', 'ar' and 'ash' words like 'ravand', 'raftar' and 'ravash' can be built that mean process,behaviour and approach respectively.In this example you see that the root 'ro' is used in too shepes,namely 'ro' and 'raft'.Just suppose that we ignore these multishapes of the roots and we consider the number of the roots 1500 ones as it was,then the combination of the roots and prefixes equals 1500*250=375000.Now any of the words obtained this way, can be combined with one of the suffixes to have a new word.For example the word 'khod gozashteh' (someone who considers others' benefit more than his own ) that is made up of 'khod' as the prefixe and 'gozasht' as the root,when combined with the suffixe 'gi' can result the word 'khod gozashtegi' that means considering others' benefits more than yours.Also the word 'pishgoftar' that means preface can be obtained by using the prefixe 'pish', the root 'goft' and the suffixe 'ar'.If we combine the 375000 words obtained by combining the 1500 roots and 250 prefixes with the 600 suffixes,the number of words that will be produced equals 375000*600=225000000 (two handered and twenty-five millions).Also words that include only a root and a suffixe should be counted that this one equals 1500*600=900000 (nine hundered thousands). So the sum of all the words produced this way,namely words that are made up of the combination of roots, prefixes and suffixes is as follows, 225000000+375000+900000=226275000 (two hundered twenty-six million and two hundered seventy-five thousands).In this calculation we only considered the combination of roots with prefixes and suffixes,and only with one of the pronunciations available for a single root.But there are also other combinations available, such as combination of noun with verb like 'piadeh ro' (walkway),noun with noun like 'kherad pishe' (someone who thinks alot), noun with adjective like 'roshan del' (some one who has a bright heart)and verb with verb like 'goftegou' (talking) and many other possible combinations in Indo-European languages that if we want to count them all,the number of words possible to exist knows no boundary.The very important point regarding this fact is that all we have to do in order to understand these million words is to learn only the 1500 roots and 850 prefixes and suffixes, while Prof.Hessabi has shown that if you want to understand 2 million words in Arabic ,you have to learn 25000 roots and the very complicated rules of Arabic language(if you are familiar with Arabic ,you will agrea this about the rules).If possible, i will translate and send an other article from Prof.Hessabi regarding capabilities of Arabic language.The basic ability of Indo-European languages is what has been told above.Laguage of Persian(Farsi) is one of the Indo-European languages and has the same roots,prefixes and suffixes.Pronunciation of letters is different, in different Indo-European languages, but these differences are in some distinct rhythm.Any capability that is within Indo-European languages like Greek,Latin,German,French and English can be found in Persian(Farsi) too.Distinct scientific approaches for finding suitable synonyms regarding foreign scientific words for Indo-European languages is improved and ready to use and its easy to manipulate them in Persian.In order to choose a scientific word in Persian the whole thing that has to be done is to compare the word that is in one of the branches of the Indo-European languages to the Persian branch and match them.