Dirk Wolfgang Glomp

THE LINE IN THE DATA CODE IS TOO LONG
PIXTAB DD MaxY+Ausri dup (0); Offset table of startadresses of any line of the screen(linear framebuffer)

LINE TO LONG

DOES NOT COMPILE...

SO SHORTEN THIS LINE

PIXTAB DD MaxY+Ausri dup (0); Offset...

THEN IT COMPILES

The text after a semicolon is a comment only for us and will be ignored from the assembler.

OBJECT CODE is only 1kb though....looks like something went wrong?
EOF file encountered

SO IT DOES NOT LINK

with link /cp

ERROR illegal parameters

This is a command line parameter of the 16 bit link.exe from masm 5.1.
(We can remove all parameter.)

16 bit linker:
Microsoft ® Segmented Executable Linker Version 5.60.339 Dec 5 1994
http://forums.xisto.com/no_longer_exists/

CAN YOU SUPPLY THE EXECUTABLE FILE?
ALSO CODE IS use16 BIT and DATA use32 BIT ???

I think this fit the start address of the data segment on an boundary of 4 byte instead of only 2 byte
for a data ailgment with an 32 bit access reading and writing within the data segment.

I WILL TRY TO DEBUG THE WORKING EXAMPLE!
THANK YOU

From my homepage:
Mode info: http://forums.xisto.com/no_longer_exists/ (2576 bytes)
Demo: http://forums.xisto.com/no_longer_exists/ (12739 bytes)

Dirk

Tank Ace

I prefer first person shooter.

 

Dirk

Which one you prefer? If you choose other, please stat here. Thanks

Because i want a strong card for gaming and additional a card for to programm own applications which use the VBE3-Bios in 1920x1200x32 (the native widescreen resolution of my 28" LCD) i bought a Colorfull GTX 295.
Dirk

Not all of them. Mine died after less than one year.

I think this is a problem from the manufacturer of those cards and not a problem of the GPU.Daily i use a Geforce 4 TI4200(AGPx4 64MB) from MSI since many years without any problems, but my brothers Geforce 4 TI4200(AGPx8 128) from Asus died years ago.

Dirk

I didn't say I didn't know those, nor did I say I meant to state it

Ok. Now i hope that you want to continue the assembler totarial.
Dirk

Oh, thanks for clarifying.

I like to help.
There are some more integer math instructions.

Increment:

inc ax

Decrement:

dec ax

Addition with carry (carry flag):

mov ax, 8001hmov bx, 8000hadd  ax, bxadc  dx, 1

Substaction with borrow (carry flag):

mov ax, 8000hmov bx, 8001hmov dx, 5sub  ax, bxsbb  dx, 1

Shift (bitwise) right (equivalent to an unsigned division by 2):

mov ax, 4; AX in bits = 00000100shr ax, 1; AX in bits = 00000010 = 2

Shr inserts a zero bit in the highest position(msb) and shifted out a bit on the lowest position(lsb).
(No flags are involved)


Shift (bitwise) left (equivalent to an unsigned multiplication by 2):

mov ax, 4; AX in bits = 00000100shl ax, 1; AX in bits = 00001000 = 8

Shl inserts a zero bit in the lowest position(lsb) and shifted out a bit on the highest position(msb).
(No flags are involved)


Load effective adress (only) for addition:

lea bx, [bx+4]; instead of "add bx, 4"

The primary purpose of the "lea" instruction is for to calculate the effective offset-address of a memory location, but we can use it also for an addition (possible with up to three operands).
Lea is one of the fastest instructions, so it will be alienated and used as a replacement for increment, addition, decrement, subtraction and for multiplication (with a scale factor of 2, 4 or 8 in combination with a 32Bit register).
(No flags are involved)

Dirk

FTP/SFTP is a method of transferring files that most webhosts use, so its nice to know how it is done

For Windows i use most times the Built-in FTP client of the Total Commander to upload files to my homepage.

 

Dirk

No, the ">/tmp/trtmp" redirects the editing "sed" command to the single file named /tmp/trtmp, and the "mv /tmp/trtmp" will probably raise a syntax error, probably something like :

 

Regards

Yordan

Hm, then i think my file is corrupted and another copy of that file also.

The next days i try to contact my nephews for to clear this. Many thanks for your feedback.

 

Dirk

The problem was only with the image you posted (the one I suppressed).

Sorry, i don´t know wich image exactly do you mean. Wich one is from pipux.net?a) http://oldcomputers.net/pics/ti-994a.jpg
http://cbmmuseum.kuto.de/images/home_c64_1.jpg
c) http://forums.xisto.com/no_longer_exists/404.png

These guys do not want you to use their images, and the image appears as "this image has been stolen from...."

But this is a dirty lie, because they want that people watch their image and therefore it is reachable on their webpage and the image is not removed til this moment, so it can´t be stolen.Additional no illegal copy of that image exist here on this page. This page have only a link to the image and the link itself is used for that what links are regular made for.

Just try again, open a new thread in the "TEST(NO POST COUNT)" subforum, and look how the image appears. This TEST forum is there exactly for that purposes, testing various things.

Ok i try to test it, if i know which image is exacly from pipux.net.

The sentence "this image has been stolen from" clearly says "please do not use our images"

I understand what they want and i understand the problem for the forum to become a cease-and-desist order from a counsellor, but i don´t believe that they have the right to dictate how we watch their image.Maybe the next owners of images want that we stay only on one leg and singing didilidum to watch their images. Who knows does it go.

We have always the right to filter any content of any webpage that we want to filter and if we want that only one image from a webpage appear for watching,
then nobody have the legitimation to prevent us from watching only that image, if the image is reachable from the owners webpage and we only redirect the watcher
to a part of their webpage. Comperatively if we stay together on the street in front of a shop with a lot of advertising inside of the shop window and i give you an eyeglass
with red glasses and advise you to look into my little mirror in my hand to have a look only into a part of that shop window.

If there is anybody that shout: "Hey policeman they have stolen our puppets only by watching it with a mirror, please stop that thieves."?
Or is there a magican that elfstruck all mirrors so that they all are dangerous now, so we have to prevent the world from looking into mirrors?
Yes, it is only a kind of dirty jokes, also with that owners of any content if they want something with no rights to dictate how we watch their contents.
In my opinion break this dictate the human rights, so we can say this is a criminal doing by that counsellors/justice who press us to desist orders,
if they want that we remove a link from our webpage and to dictate us how we are watching images.

If they don't want you to use their images, better don't use them...Regards
Yordan

I don´t want that this forum becomes any problem with that and i realy want to care the rules here.
So in the next time i don´t post any adress for to link an image, if it is not clear that the owner of that image give a positive statemant for to use it for free.

Dirk

Hi, Dirk.When you post images, please verify that you are allowed to do so. Seems that pipux.net people don't appreciate using their images.

Ups, first i have to say i don´t want to break the rules here.

But i have not realy post the image, only the adress of the image. And i see a litle different between to download/upload an image and only to link an image on an other webpage.
I still believe to link a webpage(or a part of it) with a page that we have made let us not to be the owner of the content of the other webpage.
And we are also using their images if we have a directly look to their page and i am not sure about it, if we realy need any special rights for to link a content from other pages.
In my opinion have nobody the rights to dictate how i have to look some pages on the web. Not the right to dictate which eyeglasses or which brownser i use and whether i use
black papers to hide some pieces of the content that i don´t want to see. Figuratively a link is only the same as my black paper or a kind of eyeglasses that filters the content.
At last i don´t want to begin a debate of rights here, so in the future i will try to follow the rules of this community more strictly. Thank you for your advice.

Dirk

Hi yordan,

Hi, Dirk,

I would like to know if I am slightly tired today, or if there is a small mistake in your script. I feel something being missing in your "mv" syntax.

I would have said :

mv /tmp/trtmp $i

Else, I would not see how the changes could be permanently written to the concerned text file.

Regards

Yordan

Personaly i am not realy familar with Linux, so i became i little help from my nephews. He send me this example for to remove all CRs in textfiles.

I guess the red marked redirection command here("<$i >/tmp/trtmp && mv /tmp/trtmp") include also the filename for the mv-command?

 

Dirk

I am new to programing and I am confused about where to start. I would like to learn how to make programs but i hav no clue how to.

Thanx

I began to learn to program on a TI 99-4a (from Texas Instruments) from looking and editing some Basic-Listings that i found.

With an old Ghetto-Blaster(cassette-recorder) we load some listings into the Basic-ram. But we wait allways many hours for to load a small Listing.

Additional the basic interpreter was also very slowly, so i begin to look to an alternative to speed up a program.

A friend of mine told me that i have to learn how CPUs are working.

Some years later i begin to learn how 6502-CPUs(Comodore 64) are working.

 

Starting on a 80286-CPU i began with DOS and debug.exe to program on a x86.

 

Today i use an Intel Core2quad Q9550@2.83 ghz.

.............. but i need more single CPU-speed for routines that can´t be split like iterative formula.

 

An answer from Betov (in alt.lang.asm) regarding the question "Why use assembly":

"The price of freedom, so to say, and one of the reasons i am used to say that Assembly is an anarchist Language, whereas C (typicaly) is a fascist Language."

 

Dirk

Many face problem while transfering file from Linux to windows and Vise versa.
My solution for this is "winscp405". Winscp is a windows freeware tool used to copy file from & to Linux machine.

To get this tool just google for " winscp405" tool and download this small package and install.

Enjoy working with Linux and windows

I like it to copy files with Winscp from Windows to a different PC that run Linux with a ssh-server.
Additional i use Putty to login and to telecontrol some Linux-PCs.

But there is a little different between text-files that comes from Windows and text-files that comes from Linux.
If we save a text-file with Notepad, then it contains "carriage return"-bytes at the end of every line.
A text-file saved with a Linux editor contains only "linefeed"-bytes.

For to remove "carriage return"-bytes from a text-file on a Linux-PC i use this script:

#!/bin/sh for i in `find -type f`; do tr -d '\r' <$i >/tmp/trtmp && mv /tmp/trtmp

Additional i have written a little aplications for to run under DOS/Windows for to remove "carriage return"-bytes from smaller text-files(<64KB).

;  Sourcecode for MASM 5   .MODEL SMALL.386  CODE SEGMENT use16 'CODE' assume cs:CODE,ds:DATEN,ss:STAPEL org 100hSTART: mov	  ax, DATEN		  mov	  ds, ax		  mov	  bx, ss		   ; zunächst die beiden Segmentadressen		  mov	  ax, es		   ; voneinander abziehen. Das ergibt die		  sub	  bx, ax		   ; Anzahl der Paragraphen vom PSP bis									; zum Anfang des Stack		  mov	  ax, sp		   ; da sich der Stackpointer am Ende des		  add	  ax, 0Fh		  ; Stacksegments befindet, gibt sein		  shr	  ax, 4			; Inhalt die Länge des Stacks an		  add	  bx, ax		   ; zur bisherigen Länge hinzuaddieren		  mov	  ah, 4Ah		  ; neue GrĂśĂe an das DOS Ăźbergeben		  int	21h		  mov	  bx, 1000h		; 64 KB anfordern/reservieren		  mov	  ah, 48h		  ; anfordern/reservieren:  BX = Anzahl/16		  int	21h		  jc  NOSPACE			   ; keine 64 KB		= Fehler !		  mov	  [FILSEG], ax	   ; Segment des File's		  mov	  fs, ax;----------------------------------------------------------------------------		  mov	  ah, 62h		  ; Segment des PSP's ermitteln		  int	21h		  mov	  ds, bx		   ; PSP-Segment nach DS		  mov	  es, bx		  mov	  di, 80h		  ; Länge Kommandozeile		  mov	  cl, [di]		 ; nach CL		  cmp	  cl, 2		  jna NOPARA		  cld					   ; aufwärts zählen		  inc	  di		  mov	  al, 20h		  repe scasb				; erste Leerzeichen Ăźberspringen		  dec	  di			   ; ein zurĂźck		  mov	  bp, diSUCHCR:   cmp	 BYTE PTR[di], 0Dh		  jz  short FOUND		  inc	  di		  jmp SUCHCR;------------------------------------FOUND:	mov	 WORD PTR[di], 2400h; hinter filenamen: 0,"$"		  mov	  ax, fs		  mov	  cx, es		  mov	  fs, cx		  mov	  es, ax;----------------------------------------------------------------------------		  mov	  dx, bp		   ; Zeiger auf 1.ASCII		  mov	  ax, 3D02h		; Datei Ăśffnen: lesen/schreiben   (OPEN)		  int	21h		  jc  NOFILE				; File nicht gefunden = Fehler !		  mov	  bx, ax		  mov	  ax, DATEN		  mov	  ds, ax		  xor	  dx, dx		   ;  low  auf Anfang stellen		  xor	  cx, cx		   ;  high auf Anfang stellen		  mov	  ax, 4202h		; Länge holen: vom Ende		  (LSEEK)		  int	21h		  and	  dx, dx		   ;  High-word = null ?		  jnz TOBIG				 ; nein zurĂźck		  mov	  [FILEN], ax		; Anzahl retten		  mov	  dx, 1			; low	holen		  xor	  cx, cx		   ; high   holen		  mov	  ax, 4200h		; Zeiger positionieren: vom Anfang(LSEEK)		  int	21h				;   nochmal wegen DOS-Fehler		  xor	  dx, dx		   ; low	holen		  xor	  cx, cx		   ; high   holen		  mov	  ax, 4200h		; Zeiger positionieren: vom Anfang(LSEEK)		  int	21h		  mov	  cx, [FILEN]	 ; Anzahl zu ladender Byte's		  mov	  ds, [FILSEG]		  mov	  ah, 3Fh		  ; Datei lesen u. Zeiger bewegen   (READ)		  int	21h		  mov	  cx, ax		  mov	  ah, 3Eh		  ; Datei schlieĂen				(CLOSE)		  int	21h;----------------------------------------------------------------------------		  mov	  ax, DATEN		  mov	  ds, ax		  xor	   si, si		  mov	 [FILEN], cxSUCHE:	cmp	  si, cx		   ;  Ende des File erreicht ?		  ja  short ZMA		  cmp	 BYTE PTR es:[si], 0Dh		  jz  short SCHR		  inc	  si		  jmp  short SUCHE;------------------------------------SCHR:	 dec	 WORD PTR[FILEN]		  sub	  cx, si		  mov	  di, si		  inc	  si		  mov	  ds, [FILSEG]		  dec	  cx		  mov	  dx, si		  rep movsb		  mov	  ax, DATEN		  mov	  ds, ax		  mov	  si, dx		  mov	  cx, [FILEN]		  jmp  short SUCHE;----------------------------------------------------------------------------ZMA:	  mov	  ax, fs		  mov	  dx, 82h		  xor	  cx, cx		  mov	  ds, ax		  mov	  ah, 3Ch		  ;  Datei erstellen (CREATE)		  int	21h		  mov	  bx, ax		  mov	  ax, DATEN		  mov	  ds, ax		  xor	  dx, dx		  mov	  cx, [FILEN]		  mov	  ds, [FILSEG]		  mov	  ah, 40h		  ;  Datei beschreiben			 (WRITE)		  int	21h;----------------------------------------------------------------------------NBACK:	mov	  ah, 3Eh		  ; Datei schlieĂen				(CLOSE)		  int	21hBACKE:	mov	  ax, 4C00h		  int	21h;--------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOSPACE:  mov	  dx, OFFSET ERRTEXT		  mov	  ah, 9		  int	21h		  jmp  short BACKE;------------------------------------NOPARA:   mov	  ax, DATEN		  mov	  ds, ax		  mov	  dx, OFFSET PARERR		  mov	  ah, 9		  int	21h		  jmp  short BACKE;------------------------------------NOFILE:   mov	  ax, DATEN		  mov	  ds, ax		  mov	  dx, OFFSET FILERR		  mov	  ah, 9		  int	21h		  mov	  ax, fs		  mov	  ds, ax		  mov	  dx, bp		  mov	  ah, 9		  int	21h		  jmp  short BACKE;------------------------------------TOBIG:	mov	  dx, OFFSET BIGERR		  mov	  ah, 9		  int	21h		  jmp  short NBACK  CODE ends;---------------------------------------------------------------------------   DATEN SEGMENT use32 'DATA'FILSEG	DW 0FFFFh				 ; Segment des File`sFILEN	 DW 0FFFFh				 ; Anzahl der geladenen Byte`sFILERR	DB 0Dh, 0Ah		  DB "FEHLER ! File auf (angegebenen) Laufwerk/Pfad nicht gefunden = $"PARERR	DB 0Dh, 0Ah		  DB "FEHLER ! Kein Filename als Parameter angehängt/Ăźbergeben !$"ERRTEXT   DB 0Dh, 0Ah		  DB "FEHLER ! Zu wenig Arbeits-Speicher vorhanden !"		  DB 0Dh, 0Ah, 0Dh, 0Ah		  DB "Das Programm benĂśtigt zur AusfĂźhrung, ca. 64 KB freien Arbeits-Speicher !"		  DB "$"BIGERR	DB 0Dh, 0Ah		  DB "FEHLER ! File ist grĂśĂer als 64KB !$"  DATEN ends;---------------------------------------------------------------------------   STAPEL SEGMENT use16 STACK 'STACK'	   DB 20h dup (0FFh)  STAPEL ends;---------------------------------------------------------------------------  end

Dirk

Ok, right now I am currently using eclipse, however I can change to whatever if there is something else that would be better for this. But I have made a number of java applications, but they all simply use the command line for doing their user input and output. However, I have been interested in learning how to program graphical user interfaces in java, and was wondering if somebody could point me in the right direction, with some easy to understand and follow tutorials.
Also, once I have done that, what about making a java program that can be easily executed? (I know that this would probably make it OS dependant, by making files such as .exe, and such), but is there an easy way to do this? Do I simply make a program in some other language that acts as some sort of a wrapper around the java application somehow? I am just curious as to how to do this in order to make an application that is easily distributable and runnable over a number of platforms (I don't want people to have to worry about people going to the command line and running a ton of stuff in order to get it to work)

Thanks for the help,
Brian

I have played a little with JBuilder, but i have not really a know what i am doing.

// $Header: z:/javafrak.java 2.1import java.awt.*;import java.lang.*;public class javafrak extends java.applet.Appletimplements Runnable{ Thread thread=null; int Max_X,Max_Y,Iter,X,Y,Col,ColR,ColG,ColB; double A,B,C,D,G,F,H,I,J,K,L,M,Zoom,verti,hori; double A1,B1,C1,D1,Step; String message1,message2,textfont; int textsize,textX,textY,textH,textW; Graphics offGraphics; Image offImage; public void init() {  Max_X=size().width;  Max_Y=size().height;  offImage=createImage(Max_X,Max_Y);  offGraphics=offImage.getGraphics();  offGraphics.fillRect(0,0,Max_X+1,Max_Y+1);  Iter  = 1250;  hori  = .000036;			 // nach rechts  verti = .000035;			 // hĂśher  Zoom  = .002500;			 // tiefer  Step  = Zoom/80;  A	 = -.765216+Zoom+hori;  B	 = -.765325-Zoom+hori;  C	 = .099886-Zoom+verti;  D	 = .099996+Zoom+verti;  message1  = "Bitte etwas Geduld";  message2  = "Fraktal wird berechnet";  textfont  = "TimesRoman";  textsize  = 36;  Font myFont=new Font(textfont, Font.BOLD, textsize);  FontMetrics myMetrix=getFontMetrics(myFont);  textH=myMetrix.getHeight();  textW=myMetrix.stringWidth(message1);  textX=(int)((Max_X-textW)/2);  textY=(int)((Max_Y-textH)/2)-myMetrix.getDescent();  setFont(myFont); } public void start() {  if(thread == null)  {   thread = new Thread(this);   thread.start();  } } public void stop() {  thread = null;  offImage = null;  offGraphics = null; } public void run() {  while (thread != null)  {   try {Thread.sleep(0);}   catch (InterruptedException e) {}   repaint();  } } public void paint(Graphics g) {  setBackground(Color.black);  g.setColor(Color.green);  g.drawString(message1,textX,textY);  g.drawString(message2,textX-textsize,textY+textH);  update(g); } public void update(Graphics g) {  A1 = A;  B1 = B;  C1 = C;  D1 = D;  A -= Step;  B += Step;  C += Step;  D -= Step;  G=(D1-C1)/Max_Y;  F=(B1-A1)/Max_X;//----------------------------------------------  for (Y = 0; Y < Max_Y; Y++)  {   for (X = 0; X < Max_X; X++)   {	Col=0;	K=G*Y+C1;	J=K;	I=F*X+A1;	H=I;	L=J*J;	M=H*H;//----------------------------------------------	frak: {		   while (Col<Iter)		   {			J=2*H*J+K;			H=M-L+I;			L=J*J;			M=H*H;			Col++;			if ((M+L)>4)			{			 break frak;			}		   }		  }// --------------  Pixel-Setzer ----------------	Col=(Col & 0x0000FF); // and	ColR=(Col & 0xE0);	ColG=(Col & 0x18);	ColG=(ColG << 3);	// shl	ColB=(Col & 0x07);	ColB=(ColB << 5);	offGraphics.setColor(new Color(ColR,ColG,ColB));	offGraphics.drawLine(X,Y,X,Y);//----------------------------------------------   }   // next X  }	// next Y//----------------------------------------------  g.drawImage(offImage,0,0,this); }}

Dirk

No need to use their standards, just use interrupt 10h to do that, I show you how to program VESA 1.2 because VESA 2.0 is protected mode programing.

Only a few vesa function is for the protected mode(PM) only. So it is not possible to set a vesamode using the PM.But it is possible to use most VESA 3 function in the realmode(RM). VESA 3 provide vesamodi with own refreshrate that can be used also in banked mode.
Linear Vesamodi can also be used with EMS-memory-manager within the RM or the Unrealmode/Bigrealmode/Flatrealmode(without a memory-manager).

Dirk

Difficulty?

VESA Programming

 

Replying to zomo Is it possible to put this completely in assembly code without any PASCAL defines. (or at least a simple executable - ie a working example). Most people experience the same problem when using VESA modes. By changing the resolution The image squashes into the top area of the screen. What most people want to know is how to move a pixel about by changing the x y values only, and having the pixel respond accordingly on the screen, in the different resolution modes, with simplicity and control. -question by DENE

Vesa function 0 fill our buffer with the vesa-info. Inside of this vesa-buffer we found a pointer to the vesa-modetable. The modetable contains all aviable vesa-modenumbers(of the used vesa-bios).

In the end of the modetable we found 0FFFFh.

INT 10 - VESA SuperVGA BIOS (VBE) - GET SuperVGA INFORMATION	 AX = 4F00h	 ES:DI -> buffer for SuperVGA information (see #00077) Return: AL = 4Fh if function supported	 AH = status		 00h successful		 ES:DI buffer filled		 01h failed		 ---VBE v2.0---		 02h function not supported by current hardware configuration		 03h function invalid in current video mode Desc:	determine whether VESA BIOS extensions are present and the capabilities	   supported by the display adapter SeeAlso: AX=4E00h,AX=4F01h,AX=7F00h"SOLLEX",AX=A00Ch Index:	installation check;VESA SuperVGA  Format of SuperVGA information: Offset	Size	Description	(Table 00077)  00h  4 BYTEs	(ret) signature ("VESA")		 (call) VESA 2.0 request signature ("VBE2"), required to receive		   version 2.0 info  04h	WORD	VESA version number (one-digit minor version -- 0102h = v1.2)  06h	DWORD	pointer to OEM name		 "761295520" for ATI  0Ah	DWORD	capabilities flags (see #00078)  0Eh	DWORD	pointer to list of supported VESA and OEM video modes		 (list of words terminated with FFFFh)  12h	WORD	total amount of video memory in 64K blocks ---VBE v1.x ---  14h 236 BYTEs	reserved ---VBE v2.0 ---  14h	WORD	OEM software version (BCD, high byte = major, low byte = minor)  16h	DWORD	pointer to vendor name  1Ah	DWORD	pointer to product name  1Eh	DWORD	pointer to product revision string  22h	WORD	(if capabilities bit 3 set) VBE/AF version (BCD)		 0100h for v1.0P  24h	DWORD	(if capabilities bit 3 set) pointer to list of supported		   accelerated video modes (list of words terminated with FFFFh)  28h 216 BYTEs	reserved for VBE implementation 100h 256 BYTEs	OEM scratchpad (for OEM strings, etc.) Notes:	the list of supported video modes is stored in the reserved portion of	   the SuperVGA information record by some implementations, and it may	   thus be necessary to either copy the mode list or use a different	   buffer for all subsequent VESA calls	 the 1.1 VESA document specifies 242 reserved bytes at the end, so the	   buffer should be 262 bytes to ensure that it is not overrun; for	   v2.0, the buffer should be 512 bytes	 the S3 specific video modes will most likely follow the FFFFh	   terminator at the end of the standard modes.	A search must then	   be made to find them, FFFFh will also terminate this second list	 in some cases, only a "stub" VBE may be present, supporting only	   AX=4F00h; this case may be assumed if the list of supported video	   modes is empty (consisting of a single word of FFFFh)  Bitfields for VESA capabilities: Bit(s)	Description	(Table 00078)  0	DAC can be switched into 8-bit mode  1	non-VGA controller  2	programmed DAC with blank bit (i.e. only during blanking interval)  3	controller supports VBE/AF v1.0P extensions  4	(VBE/AF) must call EnableDirectAccess to access framebuffer  5	(VBE/AF) controller supports hardware mouse cursor  6	(VBE/AF) controller supports hardware clipping  7	(VBE/AF) controller supports transparent BitBLT  8-31	reserved (0) SeeAlso: #00077,AX=4F09h

With the vesamodenumber and with the vesa function 1 we can get the modeinfo of the mode in a second buffer.

In this modeinfo-buffer we can find the resolution of the mode. Buffer+12h = X (horizontal) and Buffer+14h = Y (vertical).

Format of VESA SuperVGA mode information:   -----------------------------------------   Offset	Size	Description	(Table 0065)   --------------------------------------------	00h	WORD	mode attributes (see #0066)	02h	BYTE	window attributes, window A (see #0067)	03h	BYTE	window attributes, window B (see #0067)	04h	WORD	window granularity in KB	06h	WORD	window size in KB	08h	WORD	start segment of window A	0Ah	WORD	start segment of window B	0Ch	DWORD	-> FAR window positioning function (equivalent to AX=4F05h)	10h	WORD	bytes per scan line   ---remainder is optional for VESA modes in v1.0/1.1, needed for OEM modes---	12h	WORD	width in pixels (graphics) or characters (text)	14h	WORD	height in pixels (graphics) or characters (text)	16h	BYTE	width of character cell in pixels	17h	BYTE	height of character cell in pixels	18h	BYTE	number of memory planes	19h	BYTE	number of bits per pixel	1Ah	BYTE	number of banks	1Bh	BYTE	memory model type (see #0068)	1Ch	BYTE	size of bank in KB	1Dh	BYTE	number of image pages	1Eh	BYTE	reserved (0)   ---VBE v1.2+---	1Fh	BYTE	red mask size	20h	BYTE	red field position	21h	BYTE	green mask size	22h	BYTE	green field size	23h	BYTE	blue mask size	24h	BYTE	blue field size	25h	BYTE	reserved mask size	26h	BYTE	reserved mask position	27h	BYTE	direct color mode info		   bit 0: color ramp is programmable		   bit 1: bytes in reserved field may be used by application   ---VBE v2.0 ---	28h	DWORD	physical address of linear video buffer	2Ch	DWORD	pointer to start of offscreen memory	30h	WORD	KB of offscreen memory   ---VBE v3.0 ---	32h	WORD	bytes per scan line	34h	BYTE	35h	BYTE	36h	BYTE	37h	BYTE	38h	BYTE	39h	BYTE	3Ah	BYTE	3Bh	BYTE	3Ch	BYTE	3Dh	BYTE	3Eh	DWORD   max. Pixel clock   -----------------------------------	42h	BYTE	189 dup(0) reserved   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------   Bitfields for VESA SuperVGA mode attributes:   Bit(s)	Description	(Table 0066)	0	mode supported	1	optional information available	2	BIOS output supported	3	set if color, clear if monochrome	4	set if graphics mode, clear if text mode   ---VBE v2.0 ---	5	mode is not VGA-compatible	6	bank-switched mode not supported	7	linear framebuffer mode supported   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------   Bitfields for VESA SuperVGA window attributes:   Bit(s)	Description	(Table 0067)	0	exists	1	readable	2	writable	3-7	reserved   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------   (Table 0068)   Values for VESA SuperVGA memory model type:	00h	text	01h	CGA graphics	02h	HGC graphics	03h	16-color (EGA) graphics	04h	packed pixel graphics	05h	"sequ 256" (non-chain 4) graphics	06h	direct color (HiColor, 24-bit color)	07h	YUV (luminance-chrominance, also called YIQ)	08h-0Fh reserved for VESA	10h-FFh OEM memory models

Dirk

VESA Programming

This is the second part of the source-code(please merge it with the fist part) :

;----------------------------------------------------------------------------;						  D A T A - S e g m e n t;----------------------------------------------------------------------------  DATEN SEGMENT use32 'DATA' org 0;--------------------------------------PIXTAB DD MaxY+Ausri dup (0); Offset table of startadresses of any line of the screen(linear framebuffer);----------------------------------------------------------------------------;							Position - Table;----------------------------------------------------------------------------SX0	DD 122, 197					; X, Y	   DD 373, 347	   DD 493, 276	   DD 363, 143	   DD 323, 316	   DD 235, 192	   DD 273, 226	   DD 107, 226	   DD 422, 373	   DD 112, 347	   DD 133, 266	   DD 471, 343	   DD 423, 366	   DD 227, 230	   DD 143, 157	   DD 376, 322	   DD 212, 101	   DD 442, 226	   DD 293, 129	   DD 371, 123	   DD 323, 325	   DD 167, 292	   DD 223, 172	   DD 226, 145	   DD 113, 222	   DD 167, 166	   DD 133, 134	   DD 442, 292	   DD 252, 270	   DD 323, 350	   DD 262, 374	   DD 270, 151	   DD 166, 213	   DD 233, 154	   DD 123, 222	   DD 126, 274	   DD 060, 257	   DD 226, 313	   DD 418, 177	   DD 357, 153	   DD 458, 270	   DD 185, 035	   DD 248, 113	   DD 463, 366	   DD 370, 132	   DD 254, 267	   DD 239, 134	   DD 445, 262	   DD 454, 334	   DD 279, 257	   DD 146, 323	   DD 238, 267	   DD 143, 134	   DD 236, 377	   DD 139, 334	   DD 475, 258	   DD 454, 154	   DD 136, 337	   DD 484, 253	   DD 177, 266	   DD 224, 143	   DD 397, 127	   DD 448, 345	   DD 188, 123	   DD 442, 332	   DD 323, 176	   DD 472, 123	   DD 194, 379	   DD 046, 124	   DD 227, 111	   DD 144, 124	   DD 359, 165	   DD 177, 246	   DD 151, 342	   DD 178, 168	   DD 132, 149	   DD 427, 236	   DD 214, 013	   DD 361, 345	   DD 323, 176	   DD 249, 336	   DD 179, 144	   DD 439, 123	   DD 438, 347	   DD 288, 248	   DD 343, 158	   DD 228, 346	   DD 183, 253	   DD 347, 288	   DD 233, 235	   DD 198, 286	   DD 153, 147	   DD 297, 273	   DD 336, 231	   DD 479, 150	   DD 243, 287	   DD 257, 165	   DD 111, 122	   DD 389, 258	   DD 358, 285	   DD 224, 127	   DD 082, 122	   DD 266, 311	   DD 114, 351	   DD 321, 275	   DD 433, 159	   DD 240, 154	   DD 496, 160	   DD 148, 038	   DD 224, 369	   DD 312, 134	   DD 167, 126	   DD 278, 173	   DD 533, 436	   DD 356, 291	   DD 490, 352	   DD 369, 111	   DD 230, 134	   DD 477, 177	   DD 319, 443	   DD 553, 399	   DD 236, 266	   DD 474, 130	   DD 397, 127	   DD 238, 169	   DD 142, 186	   DD 171, 383	   DD 599, 138	   DD 368, 437	   DD 124, 424	   DD 597, 259	   DD 165, 197	   DD 143, 270	   DD 459, 349	   DD 159, 459	   DD 427, 427	   DD 215, 135	   DD 180, 180	   DD 377, 377	   DD 245, 145	   DD 473, 173	   DD 308, 408	   DD 483, 283	   DD 525, 125	   DD 412, 312	   DD 242, 142	   DD 293, 293	   DD 571, 371	   DD 423, 323	   DD 467, 267	   DD 183, 283	   DD 326, 126	   DD 313, 413	   DD 267, 267	   DD 533, 133	   DD 248, 188	   DD 358, 458	   DD 183, 383	   DD 162, 162	   DD 370, 170	   DD 434, 134	   DD 357, 157	   DD 123, 123	   DD 477, 167	   DD 534, 134	   DD 477, 177	   DD 264, 124	   DD 458, 138	   DD 154, 244	   DD 137, 237	   DD 193, 353	   DD 376, 276	   DD 543, 443	   DD 427, 227	   DD 145, 345	   DD 523, 123	   DD 338, 158	   DD 473, 425	   DD 196, 283	   DD 443, 394	   DD 558, 343	   DD 430, 134	   DD 414, 362	   DD 331, 185	   DD 561, 232	   DD 434, 321	   DD 376, 255	   DD 598, 388	   DD 114, 145	   DD 140, 243	   DD 537, 189	   DD 375, 434	   DD 225, 257	   DD 178, 283	   DD 157, 125	   DD 296, 158	   DD 372, 435	   DD 484, 192	   DD 543, 134	   DD 439, 212	   DD 338, 166	   DD 367, 288	   DD 133, 143	   DD 196, 313	   DD 429, 124	   DD 122, 448	   DD 585, 127	   DD 145, 173	   DD 534, 134	   DD 157, 157	   DD 323, 323	   DD 177, 167	   DD 134, 134	   DD 277, 177	   DD 164, 134	   DD 558, 358	   DD 254, 154	   DD 287, 137	   DD 493, 153	   DD 476, 376	   DD 243, 143	   DD 527, 127	   DD 445, 245	   DD 123, 223	   DD 138, 258	   DD 373, 225	   DD 396, 383	   DD 143, 194	   DD 258, 443	   DD 330, 134	   DD 414, 262	   DD 531, 185	   DD 361, 132	   DD 334, 121	   DD 476, 155	   DD 198, 288	   DD 114, 145	   DD 240, 343	   DD 137, 389	   DD 275, 134	   DD 525, 157	   DD 478, 183	   DD 557, 325	   DD 296, 258	   DD 572, 135	   DD 484, 192	   DD 343, 134	   DD 239, 212	   DD 138, 266	   DD 467, 388	   DD 233, 143	   DD 196, 313	   DD 529, 174	   DD 422, 148	   DD 385, 157	   DD 245, 173;---------------------------------------------------------------------------;							  Stepper - Table;---------------------------------------------------------------------------STEP0X DD 1, 1				 ; Number of Pixel for movement in horizontal	   DD 1, 2				 ;  and vertical direction (Step X,Y)	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 2, 4 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 6, 6 	   DD 7, 5 	   DD 8, 4 	   DD 9, 3	   DD 2, 8	   DD 1, 6	   DD 5, 2	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 2, 4 	   DD 3, 5 	   DD 4, 6 	   DD 8, 1 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 8, 3 	   DD 1, 9 	   DD 9, 1 	   DD 2, 2 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 2, 7 	   DD 6, 1 	   DD 8, 8 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 7, 7 	   DD 4, 1 	   DD 2, 7 	   DD 4, 3 	   DD 4, 2 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 2, 2 	   DD 2, 2 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 6, 2 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 4, 1 	   DD 2, 2 	   DD 4, 3 	   DD 4, 6 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 1, 4 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 2, 2 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 2, 4 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 3, 2 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 4, 5 	   DD 2, 2 	   DD 4, 3 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 2, 4 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 2, 2 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 2, 4 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 3, 2 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 3, 4 	   DD 4, 1 	   DD 3, 2 	   DD 4, 3 	   DD 2, 2 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 2, 2 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 3, 2 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 3, 2 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 2, 2 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 5, 1 	   DD 3, 2 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 3, 2 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 4, 1 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 3, 4 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 1, 5 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 2, 4 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 3, 2 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 2, 2 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 3, 2 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 4, 1 	   DD 4, 3 	   DD 4, 2 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 2, 2 	   DD 5, 3 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 3, 2 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 5, 3 	   DD 4, 1 	   DD 5, 2 	   DD 4, 1 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 1, 5 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 2, 2 	   DD 5, 1 	   DD 1, 4 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 5, 2 	   DD 3, 5 	   DD 3, 4 	   DD 4, 1 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 4, 3 	   DD 3, 5 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 1, 4 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 2, 4 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 3, 2 	   DD 5, 3 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 3, 5 	   DD 4, 3 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 1, 4 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 5, 1 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 3, 4 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 3, 4 	   DD 4, 1 	   DD 3, 2 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 2, 4 	   DD 1, 5 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 5, 3 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 2, 2 	   DD 2, 5 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 3, 5 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 4, 2 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 5, 2 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 3, 2 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 3, 3 	   DD 5, 1 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 4, 2 	   DD 1, 1 	   DD 1, 2 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 1, 4 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 5, 2 	   DD 2, 3 	   DD 2, 4 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 3, 2 	   DD 3, 5 	   DD 2, 1 	   DD 3, 1 	   DD 2, 2 	   DD 1, 3 	   DD 2, 2 ;----------------------S_Len = ($-STEP0X);--------------------------------------; Table of direction-flags for movement;--------------------------------------W0	 DB (Anzahl+1)* 8 DUP(0)		; plus(0) / minus(1) für X,Y;--------------------------------------BALL   DB 0CC00h dup (22h)			; Sprite-Table: Offset32, Farbe32;--------------------------------------PICAKT DD MaxX*4*MaxY				 ; Actual adress of the framebufferPICLEN DD MaxX*4*MaxY				 ; Screen lenghtPICMAX DD MaxX*4*MaxY*2			   ; Max adress;--------------------------------------RETTSI DW 0, 0						; I don´t like to push the SI-register on the stack;--------------------------------------HINFAR DD HFarb, HFarb				; Background Color;--------------------------------------;			C i r c l e;--------------------------------------Y	  DD 0						   ; Double-Word for FPU: sqrXM	 DD 0						   ; X PositionYM	 DD 0						   ; Y PositionCOL	DD 0						   ; ColorXMAX   DW 0, 0YMAX   DW 0, 0;--------------------------------------EDID   DB 80h dup (55h)			   ; Buffer for DDC-Monitor-Info;--------------------------------------VINF   DB 512 dup (0AAh)			  ; Buffer for Vesa-Info(4F00h)MINF   DB 256 dup (044h)			  ; Buffer for Mode Info(4F01h);--------------------------------------CRTC	DW 1456					   ; Horizontal Total	   in PixelHORIANF DW 1122					   ; Horizontal  Sync-Start in PixelHORIEND DW 216						; Horizontal  Sync-End   in PixelVERTOTA DW 814						; Vertical   Total	   in LinesVERTANF DW 768						; Vertical	Sync-Start in LinesVERTEND DW 42						 ; Vertical	Sync-End   in LinesDOIFLAG DB 04h						; Flag (interlaced,doubleScan,polarity)PIXCLOC DD 118309000				  ; Pixel clock in hzREFRATE DW 10000					  ; Refresh-Rate in 0.01 hz;---------------------		DB 40 dup (0);--------------------------------------FLAG	DB 0						  ; Used for triple buffering adress switching;--------------------------------------ERTEX1 DB Cr, Lf, "No Video-Mode", Cr, Lf, "{:content:}quot;ERTEX2 DB Cr, Lf, "No lineare offset", Cr, Lf, "{:content:}quot;ERTEX3 DB Cr, Lf, "No MMX-CPU", Cr, Lf, "{:content:}quot;ERTEX4 DB Cr, Lf, "No Vesa-Bios", Cr, Lf, "{:content:}quot;ERTEX5 DB Cr, Lf, "No VESA 3 -Bios", Cr, Lf, "{:content:}quot;ERTEX6 DB Cr, Lf, "No DDC", Cr, Lf, "{:content:}quot;ERTEX7 DB Cr, Lf, "Less than 96 khz", Cr, Lf, "{:content:}quot;ERTEX8 DB Cr, Lf, "Less than 160 hz", Cr, Lf, "{:content:}quot;ERTEX9 DB Cr, Lf, "No pixelcloc", Cr, Lf, "{:content:}quot;;--------------------------------------  DATEN ends;---------------------------------------------------------------------------- STAPEL SEGMENT use16 STACK 'STACK'	   DB 10h dup (0) STAPEL ends;---------------------------------------------------------------------------- end

Dirk

VESA Programming

This pure 16 Bit DOS aplication below demonstrate how to use a vesamode with a resolution of 1024 x 768 x 32 with an own refreshrate of 100hz and additionaly it demonstrate how to use the linear framebuffer with hardware triple buffering.

To enable an access to the linear framebuffer i prefer the unrealmode/bigrealmode. For to use the unrealmode/bigrealmode we have to remove/REM any memmory manager like emm386.exe in our config.sys before. After rebooting without it we can start the aplication.

 

Goal of the aplication: If the application starts without any error message, then the application switch into the vesamode and begin to move some balls across the screen and if they reached a border of the screen, then they turn their direction.

For to terminate the application and to switch back to DOS in the textmode(3) please press any key on your keyboard.

 

Minimum system requirements:

Operating system: DOS 5, 6, or DOS 7 (a part of Windows98/ME) // Not working under Windows(DOSbox) and not working with a memmory manager like emm386.exe.

MMX-CPU (tested on AMD Palomino 1800+@1550mhz and on AMD Tbred 2700+@2100mhz; Socket A mainboard with AGP)

Fully working vesa 3 Bios (tested on MSI NVIDIA Geforce 4 TI 4200 64MB AGPx4 // failed with Powercolor ATI x800 pro(VBE3 256MB AGPx8))

CRT-Monitor with DDC and 96 khz (tested on 19" Samsung 940 and on 19" SAMTRON 96P)

 

Used public documents from vesa.org(register and/or login):

EEDIDguideV1.pdf

vbe3.pdf

 

...

 

Sorry, because i reached the limit for to post here i have to split the source-Code in two or tree parts looking forward to my next post.

But all lines of the source must be in one file for to assemble it. So you have to merge it together.

 

This is the first part of the source-code:

;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------; I have written this sourcecode for MASM 5.; Example for to generate a 16 bit executable for a pure DOS-enviroment:; MASM /Z FILENAME.asm,FILENAME.obj,,; LINK /CP:1 FILENAME.obj,FILENAME.exe,,,;--------------------------------------------; Legal situation: No personalised spiritual ownership or liquidication rights for usement,; or for spreading out aviable, because all ideas are (at all hazards) only a small part of the; heritage of our common human culture and nobody can progress an idea without to make a use; of our all intergenerational relationships beginning from our roots thousands of years ago.;--------------------------------------------; Freeware and a wide-ranging transparency in the world helps a lot for to establish a social freedom and a gracefull living.; But additional We have to act very soon for to feed all humans and to stop the immiseration in the world.; Over one billion of humans are very hungry today, yesterday, the day before yesterday............; They all will die very painfully, if we can´t stop that with the highest ermergency now.;---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.MODEL SMALL						  ; We want a small aplication.386P								 ; Enable protectmode instructions.387								  ; Enable FPU instructions;--------------------------------------	MaxX		 =	   1024		 ; Horizontal resolution of the requested vesamode	MaxY		 =		768		 ; Vertical resolution	MAXHZ		=		160		 ; CRT-Monitor: HZ	MAXKHZ	   =		 96		 ; KHZ	KreiFa	   =   00FFDD00h		; Circel Color	Vring		=   00030400h		; Color decrement	Groesse	  =		02Dh		; Radius of the ball (2Dh)	XPos		 =	 Groesse		; Position of the ball	YPos		 =	 Groesse	Anzahl	   =		 35h		; Number of Objects (max.255)	HFarb		=	0; 0100A03h	; Background Color	Max_X		=   (MaxX-(XPos*2))-9; Max and min	Max_Y		=	MaxY-(YPos*2)   ;  X/Y Position	Min_X		=		 9		  ;   of the movement area	Min_Y		=		 9	IRQs_Port	=		 21h		; Port-Adress: IRQ-Controller	Tast_Port	=		 60h		; Port-Adress: Keyboard-Controller	Stat_Port	=		 64h		; Port-Adress: Keyboard-Status	Cmos_Port	=		 70h		; Port-Adress: Bios-Cmos-Chip	Cr		   =		 0Dh		; Carriage Return	Lf		   =		 0Ah		; Line Feed	Ausri		=		 16		 ; Bytes for code alignment;----------------------------------------------------------------------------  CODE SEGMENT use16 'CODE' assume cs:CODE,ds:DATEN,ss:STAPEL org 100h;--------------------------------------START:	mov	  eax, 1			 ; Request for feature flags	   DB 0Fh, 0A2h				   ; CPUID instruction		  test	 edx, 00800000h	 ;  is MMX feature flag(bit 23) set?		  jz  NOMMX		  mov	  ax, DATEN		  ; Store relative Segmentadress of the Datasegment	  mov	  ds, ax			 ;  into DS-Segmentregister	  mov	  es, ax			 ;  into ES-Segmentregister	  mov	  di, OFFSET VINF	; Buffer(512 Bytes) for VESA-Info	  mov	  ax, 4F00h		  ; Function 0	  int	10h				  ; Get up to 512 Bytes es:di (Datasegment:VINF)	  cmp	  ax, 4Fh			;  succsesfull ?	  jnz NOVESA				  ;   else error: no Vesabios aviable	  cmp	 Byte PTR[di+5], 3   ; Compare major version number of Vesa	  jb  NOVESA3				 ;  lesser than Version 3 ?	  lfs	  si, [di+0Eh]	   ; Get pointer of Modelist in FS:SIMODE:	 mov	  cx, fs:[si]		; Get Modenumber	  lea	  si, [si+2]		 ; Instead of "add si,2" (increase Offset of modelist)	  cmp	  cx, 0FFFFh		 ; End of list ?	  jnz NOMODE		  add	  cx, 4000h + 800h   ; VESAnumber + linear + CRTC	  mov	  ax, 4F01h		  ; Get Mode Info		  mov	  di, OFFSET MINF	; Buffer(256 Bytes) for Mode Info	  int	10h	  cmp	  ax, 4Fh	  jnz NOVESA	  cmp	 Word PTR[di+12h], MaxX		  jnz MODE		  cmp	 Word PTR[di+14h], MaxY		  jnz MODE	  cmp	 BYTE PTR[di+19h],20h; 32 Bits per pixel?		  jnz MODE	  and	 BYTE PTR[di], 80h   ; Linear access enable ?		  jz  NOLIN	  mov	  eax,[di+28h]		  and	  eax, eax		   ; Check if the linear Offset to the framebuffer is aviable ?		  jz  NOLIN		  mov	  bp, cx			 ; Store the modenumber;--------------------------------------		  mov	  ax, 4F0Bh		  ; Get/set Pixel-Clock		  mov	  dx, cx		  xor	  bl, bl			 ; Get		  mov	  ecx, DWORD PTR[PIXCLOC]		  int	10h		  cmp	  ax, 4Fh		  jnz NOCLOC				  ; Error: No pixelcloc		  mov	  DWORD PTR[PIXCLOC], ecx;--------------------------		  xor	  eax, eax		   ; Calculate Refreshrate		  mov	  ax, [CRTC]		 ; Horizontal Total		  xor	  ebx, ebx		  mov	  bx, [VERTOTA]	  ; Vertikal Total		  mul	  ebx		  mov	  ebx, eax		  mov	  eax, ecx		   ; Pixelcloc		  mov	  esi, 10		  xor	  edx, edx		  div	  esi		  xor	  edx, edx		  div	  ebx		  mov	  [REFRATE], ax	  ; RefreshRate=Pixelcloc/(HTotal*Vtotal);--------------------------------------	  mov	  ax, 4F15h		  ; DDC - INSTALLATION CHECK	  mov	  bl, 0			  ;  for to get the monitor information	  int	10h	  cmp	  ax, 4Fh	  jnz NODDC	  mov	  ax, 4F15h		  ; DDC - READ EDID	  mov	  bl, 1	  xor	  cx, cx	  xor	  dx, dx	  mov	  di, OFFSET EDID	  int	10h	  mov	  eax, 0FD000000h	; Text-identifier V/H range	  mov	  bx, 36h	  cmp	  [di+bx], eax	   ; di+36h detailed timing #1	  jz  short H1	  add	  bx, 12h	  cmp	  [di+bx], eax	   ; di+48h detailed timing #2	  jz  short H1	  add	  bx, 12h	  cmp	  [di+bx], eax	   ; di+5Ah detailed timing #3	  jz  short H1	  add	  bx, 12h	  cmp	  [di+bx], eax	   ; di+6Ch detailed timing #4	  jnz NODDCH1:	   cmp	 BYTE PTR[di+bx+6], MAXHZ		  jb  NOHZ	  cmp	 BYTE PTR[di+bx+8], MAXKHZ		  jb  NOKHZ;--------------------------------------		  mov	  ax, 4F02h		  ; Switch to the requested vesamode		  mov	  bx, bp			 ;  with an access to the linear framebuffer		  mov	  di, OFFSET CRTC	;  and with an own Video-Timing(..refreshrate)		  int	10h		  cmp	  ax, 4Fh		  jnz NOMODE				  ; ERROR: No Vesamode;-----------------Switch to the unrealmode----------------------------------		  cli						 ; Dissable software-Interrupts		  mov	  al, 2			  ; Dissable IRQ 1		  out	  IRQs_Port, al		  in	   al, Cmos_Port	  ; Dissable Non-Mask-Interrupts(NMIs)		  or	   al, 80h		  out	  Cmos_Port, al		  call ESEG				   ; Switch to the Unrealmode(Enhance segment)		  mov	  ax, DATEN		  mov	  ds, ax		  in	   al, Cmos_Port	  ; Enable NMI's		  and	  al, 7Fh		  out	  Cmos_Port, al		  sti						 ; Enable Software-Interrupts;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------; Create an Offset table of startadresses of any line of the linear framebuffer;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------		  call PIXOFF				 ; ...placed in the beginning of the data segment;----------------------------------------------------------------------------		  finit					   ; Paint a ball		  mov	 DWORD PTR[XM], XPos		  mov	 DWORD PTR[YM], YPos		  mov	 DWORD PTR[COL], KreiFa		  mov	  ecx, 1			 ; RadiusRUND:	 call KREIS				  ;  Root-Circle		  lea	  ecx, [ecx+1]	   ; inc ecx		  sub	 DWORD PTR[COL], Vring; Color decreasing		  cmp	  ecx, Groesse		  jnz RUND;--------------------------------------		  call TABELLE				; Create a sprite-table of any colored pixel of the the screen;--------------------------------------		  mov	  si, OFFSET BALL	; Clear the screen from the ball		  xor	  eax, eax		   ; Color blackOBJLO:	mov	  ebx, [si]		  ; Get the Offset		  lea	  si, [si+8]		 ; add si, 8		  mov	  [ebx], eax		 ; To the screen		  cmp	  si, bp			 ;  End of table ?		  jb  OBJLO;-------------------------set all balls to the screen-----------------------		  mov	  si, OFFSET SX0	 ; Offset of Position-Table		  mov	  di, OFFSET STEP0X  ; Offset of Stepper-TableHIN:	  mov	  ebx, [si]		  ; Get X-Position		  mov	  eax, [di]		  ; Get X-Stepper		  mov	  ecx, [si+4]		; Get Y-Position		  mov	  edx, [di+4]		; Get Y-Stepper		  shl	  ebx, 2			 ; X * 4 Byte (true color)		  shl	  eax, 2			 ; X-Stepper * 4 Byte (true color)		  mov	  ecx, [ecx*4]	   ; Get line		  mov	  edx, [edx*4]	   ; Get Stepper-line		  sub	  ecx, DWORD PTR[PIXTAB]; Substract linear screen-Offset		  sub	  edx, DWORD PTR[PIXTAB]; Substract linear screen-Offset		  mov	  [si], ebx		  ; Write X back		  mov	  [si+4], ecx		; Write Y back as line		  lea	  si, [si+8]		 ; add si,8		  mov	  [di], eax		  ; Write back X-Stepper		  mov	  [di+4], edx		; Write back Y-Step as Step-line		  lea	  di, [di+8]		 ; add di,8		  cmp	  si, Anzahl*8+OFFSET SX0		  jb  HIN;--------------------------------------		  mov	  edx, DWORD PTR[PICAKT]; Get the actual adress of the framebuffer;--------------------------------------		  mov	  bx, OFFSET HINFAR  ; Background color	   DB 0Fh, 6Fh, 7				 ; MOVQ mm0, [bx];----------------------------------------------------------------------------	   DB  0EAh					   ; Clear Prefetch-buffer:	   DW  (OFFSET ACTION)			; The following lines create	   DW  (SEG ACTION)			   ;  the opcode of "JMP FAR CS:ACTION";----------------------------------------------------------------------------;						  M  A  i  N  -  R  O  U  T  I  N  E;---------------------------------------------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri; Code-Alignment;---------------------------------------------------------------------------ACTION:   mov	  ebx, edx			 ; Movement and checking if a ball		  mov	  ecx, DWORD PTR[PICLEN];  reached a border		  mov	  si, OFFSET SX0	   ; Offset of Position-Table		  mov	  di, OFFSET STEP0X	; Offset of Stepper-Table		  add	  ebx, DWORD PTR[PIXTAB]		  shr	  ecx, 3										; Beginning with to clear the screenCLEAN:  DB 67h, 0Fh, 7Fh, 3			 ; MOVQ [ebx], mm0		  lea	  ebx, [ebx+8]		 ; add bx,8		  dec	  ecx		  jnz CLEAN;----------------------------------------------------------------------------ALL:	  mov	  ebx, [si]			; Get X-Position		  cmp	 BYTE PTR[di+S_Len], 1 ; Compare Plus/Minus-XFlag		  jz  short FRAGX1			  ;  if minus, then jumpFRAGX0:   cmp	  ebx, Max_X * 4	   ; Compare X-Position with max.-X		  jb  short MAKEX0			  ;  if less, then jump		  mov	 BYTE PTR[di+S_Len], 1 ; Set Minus-XFlagMAKEX1:   sub	  ebx, [di]			; X - XStepper 		  jmp  short ALLX;-------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;--------------------------------------FRAGX1:   cmp	  ebx, Min_X * 4	   ; Compare X-Position with min.-X		  ja  short MAKEX1			  ;  if above, the jump		  mov	 BYTE PTR[di+S_Len], 0 ; Set Plus-XFlagMAKEX0:   add	  ebx, [di]			; X + XStepper ALLX:	 mov	  [si], ebx			; save X-Position;----------------------------------------------------------------------------		  mov	  ecx, [si+4]		  ; Get line		  cmp	 BYTE PTR[di+S_Len+1],1; Compare Plus/Minus-line-Flag		  jz  short FRAGY1			  ;  if minus, then jumpFRAGY0:   cmp	  ecx, Max_Y * (MaxX*4); Compare line with max.line		  jb  short MAKEY0			  ;  if lesser, then jump		  mov	 BYTE PTR[di+S_Len+1],1; Set Minus-lineflagMAKEY1:   sub	  ecx, [di+4]		  ; Line - linestepper 		  jmp  short ALLY;-------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;--------------------------------------FRAGY1:   cmp	  ecx, Min_Y * (MaxX*4); Compare line with min.line		  ja  short MAKEY1			  ;  if above, then jump		  mov	 BYTE PTR[di+S_Len+1],0; Plus-YFlag setzenMAKEY0:   add	  ecx, [di+4]		  ; Line + linestepper ALLY:	 mov	  [si+4], ecx		  ; Save new line		  lea	  si, [si+8]		   ; Increase Table-Offset (Position)		  add	  ecx, ebx			 ; Line plus X		  mov	  [RETTSI], si		  mov	  si, OFFSET BALL	  ; Table-Offset start		  add	  ecx, edxOBJECT:   mov	  ebx, [si]			; Get Sprite-Offset from Table		  mov	  eax, [si+4]		  ; Get color from Table		  lea	  si, [si+8]		   ; Increase Tablen-Offset		  mov	  [ebx+ecx], eax	   ; Color to the screen		  cmp	  si, bp			   ;  End of Table ?		  jb  OBJECT		  mov	  si, [RETTSI]		  lea	  di, [di+8]		   ; Increase Table-Offset (Stepper)		  cmp	  si, Anzahl*8+OFFSET SX0; Table-End ?		  jb  ALL;--------------switch the screen adress using triple buffering------------		  cmp	  BYTE PTR[FLAG], 0		  jz  short ASUKBSUK:	 mov	  ecx, edx			; Display-Start-Adress		  mov	  bx, 4			   ; Wait until Display shedule		  mov	  ax, 4F07h		  int 10h		  and	  cx, cx		  jnz BSUK;--------------------------------------ASUK:	 mov	  ecx, edx			; Display-Start-Adress		  add	  edx, DWORD PTR[PICLEN]; Get new Adress		  mov	  bx, 2			   ; Shedule new Display-Start-Adress		  mov	  ax, 4F07h		  int 10h		  mov	 BYTE PTR[FLAG], 1		  cmp	  edx, DWORD PTR[PICMAX]		  jna short NODO		  xor	  edx, edx;---------------------------------------------------------------------------NODO:	 in	   al, Stat_Port	  ; Get Keyboad-Status		  test	 al, 1			  ; Input buffer empty?		  jz  ACTION				  ;  else repeat movement	  test	 al, 20h	  jnz ACTION				  ; PS2-Mouse will be ignored;----------------------------------------------------------------------------;-----------------------End of main-routine----------------------------------;----------------------------------------------------------------------------		  in	   al, Tast_Port	  ; Get key		  cli		  xor	  al, al			 ; IRQ 1 freigeben		  out	  IRQs_Port, al		  sti		  mov	  ax, 3			  ; Text-Mode		  int	10h		  xor	  cl, cl			 ; No ERROR		  mov	  ah, 1			  ; Clear Keyboard buffer		  int	16h;-------------------------------------	   DB 0Fh, 0Eh					; 0Fh, 77h EMMS // 0Fh, 0Eh FEMMS;-------------------------------------HOME:	 mov	  al, cl			 ; Get the ERRORLEVEL		  mov	  ah, 4Ch			; Jump back to DOS		  int	21h;----------------------------------------------------------------------------;						 ERROR Messages;---------------------------------------------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;---------------------------------------------------------------------------NOMODE:   mov	  cl, 1		  mov	  dx, OFFSET ERTEX1  ; NO VESA MODEERROUT:   mov	  ah, 9			  ; Text ausgeben		  int	21h		  jmp HOME;---------------------------------------------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;---------------------------------------------------------------------------NOLIN:	mov	  cl, 2		  mov	  dx, OFFSET ERTEX2  ; No linear Offset		  jmp ERROUT;---------------------------------------------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;---------------------------------------------------------------------------NOMMX:	mov	  cl, 3		  mov	  dx, OFFSET ERTEX3  ; No MMX-CPU		  jmp ERROUT;--------------------------------------------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;---------------------------------------------------------------------------NOVESA:   mov	  cl, 4		  mov	  dx, OFFSET ERTEX4  ; No Vesa		  jmp ERROUT;--------------------------------------------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;---------------------------------------------------------------------------NOVESA3:  mov	  cl, 5		  mov	  dx, OFFSET ERTEX5  ; No VESA 3		  jmp ERROUT;--------------------------------------------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;---------------------------------------------------------------------------NODDC:	mov	  cl, 6		  mov	  dx, OFFSET ERTEX6  ; No DDC		  jmp ERROUT;--------------------------------------------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;---------------------------------------------------------------------------NOKHZ:	mov	  cl, 7		  mov	  dx, OFFSET ERTEX7  ; Less than 96 khz		  jmp ERROUT;--------------------------------------------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;---------------------------------------------------------------------------NOHZ:	 mov	  cl, 8		  mov	  dx, OFFSET ERTEX8  ; Less than 160 hz		  jmp ERROUT;--------------------------------------------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;---------------------------------------------------------------------------NOCLOC:   mov	  cl, 9		  mov	  dx, OFFSET ERTEX9  ; No Pixelcloc		  jmp ERROUT;----------------------------------------------------------------------------;					 GDT for the Protected Mode;---------------------------------------------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/64)*64)+64;----------------------------------------------------------------------------GDTZEIGER DW ?	 ; Lenght of the GDT		  DW ?	 ; Adress low -Word:SEGMENTE		  DW ?	 ; Adress high-Word:SEGMENTE		  DW 0	 ; reservedSEGMENTE  DW 0	 ; Bits: 0-15 Seg.lenght(Bit0-15)		  DW 0	 ; Bits: 0-15 Basis-Adress Deskriptor-Table		  DB 0	 ; Bits:16-23 Basis-Adress Deskriptor-Table		  DB 0	 ; Bits: 0- 7 Access rights		  DB 0	 ; Bits: 0- 3 Seg.lenght(Bit16-19)/Bit7:1=4KByte/0=1Byte		  DB 0	 ; Bits:24-31 Basis-Adress Deskriptor-Table;-------------------------------------------- Selektor	Segmente	   DW 0FFFFh; Segmentlenght  Bits: 0-15  --------  -----------	   DW 0	 ; Adress low	 Bits: 0-15  ¦ 08h  ¦  ¦Code (CS)¦	   DB 0	 ; Adress high	Bits:16-23  +------+  +---------+	   DB 9Ah   ; Access rights	   DB 0	 ; Seg.Länge Bits:16-19 im Bit0-3 /Bit7:1=4KByte/0=1Byte	   DB 0	 ; Seg.Adress	 Bits:24-31;--------------------------------------------- Selektor	Segmente	   DW 0FFFFh; Segmentlenght  Bits: 0-15  --------  ------------	   DW 0	 ; Adress low	 Bits: 0-15  ¦ 10h  ¦  ¦Stack (SS)¦	   DB 0	 ; Adress high	Bits:16-23  +------+  +----------+	   DB 92h   ; Access rights	   DB 0	 ; Seg.Lenght Bits:16-19 im Bit0-3 /Bit7:1=4KByte/0=1Byte	   DB 0	 ; Seg.Adress	 Bits:24-31;--------------------------------------------- Selektor	Segmente	   DW 0FFFFh; Segmentlenght  Bits: 0-15  -------- ---------------	   DW 0	 ; Seg.Adress	 Bits: 0-15  ¦  18h ¦ ¦(DS,ES,FS,GS)¦	   DB 0	 ; Seg.Adress	 Bits:16-23  +------+ +-------------+	   DB 92h   ; Access rights	   DB 0FFh  ; Seg.Lenght Bits:16-19 im Bit0-3//Bit7:1=4KByte/0=1Byte	   DB 0FFh  ; Seg.Adress	 Bits:24-31;---------------------------------------------------		SEGMENTE_END label WORD		Gdt_Groesse equ (OFFSET SEGMENTE_END - SEGMENTE -1);----------------------------------------------------------------------------;----------------------------Subroutines-------------------------------------;----------------------------------------------------------------------------; Set for the DS(,ES,FS,GS)-Register a new segmentlenght of 00FFFFFFh.; For that we switch into the Protected Mode und back to the (Un)Realmode.;---------------------------------------------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;----------------------------------------------------------------------------ESEG:	 xor	  eax, eax		  mov	  ax, cs		  mov	  ds, ax		  shl	  eax, 4					   ; EAX is now physical		  mov	  ebx, eax					 ; Segmentstartadresse		  mov	 WORD PTR[SEGMENTE+0Ah], ax	;  into the Deskriptors		  mov	 WORD PTR[SEGMENTE+12h], ax	;  for CS		  ror	  eax, 10h					 ;  and SS store into		  mov	 BYTE PTR[SEGMENTE+0Ch], al	;  the GDT		  mov	 BYTE PTR[SEGMENTE+14h], al		  xor	  eax, eax					 ; EAX null		  mov	  ax, OFFSET SEGMENTE		  ; 16-Bit-Offset		  add	  ebx, eax					 ; GDT-Adress in		  mov	 WORD PTR[GDTZEIGER], Gdt_Groesse; GDT-Deskriptor		  mov	 DWORD PTR[GDTZEIGER+2], ebx		  pushf								 ; Save Flags		  lgdt	FWORD PTR[GDTZEIGER]		  ; Load GDT		  mov	  dx, ss					   ; Save SS		  mov	  eax, cr0					 ; Controlword 0 to EAX		  or	   al, 1						; Protected Mode on		  mov	  cr0, eax												; clear Prefetch-Buffer		  DB  0EAh							  ; The following lines		  DW  (OFFSET PMODE)					; create the opcode for:		  DW  8								 ; "JMP FAR CS:PMODE";------------------------------------------------ org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;------------------------------------------------PMODE:	mov	  ax, 10h					  ; Limit SS-Selektor to 64KB		  mov	  ss, ax		  mov	  ax, 18h		  mov	  ds, ax					   ; Enhance DS(,ES,FS,GS)-Segment;		  mov	  es, ax					  ;  to 4 GB;		  mov	  fs, ax;		  mov	  gs, ax		  mov	  eax, cr0					 ; Controlword 0 to EAX		  and	  eax, not 1				   ; Protected Mode off		  mov	  cr0, eax												; Clear Prefetch-Buffer		  DB  0EAh							  ; The following lines		  DW  (OFFSET RMODE)					; create the opcode for:AKTSEG	DW  (SEG RMODE)					   ; JMP FAR CS:RMODE;------------------------------------------------ org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;------------------------------------------------RMODE:	mov	  ss, dx					   ; restore SS		  popf								  ; get Flags;----------------------------------------------------------------------------;		   Swith  the  21. Adressbit on.;----------------------------------------------------------------------------BIT_FREI: call W_8042		   ;-->>----------+  Wait for 8042		  jnz BACK			  ;->--------+   ¦ 		  mov	  al, 0D1h	 ;		  ¦   ¦  Write command		  out	  Stat_Port, al;		  ¦   ¦		  call W_8042		   ;   -->>---Ï---¦  Ready to recieve ?		  jnz BACK			  ;->--------¦   ¦		  mov	  al, 0DFh	 ;		  ¦   ¦  Yes, set line 20 on		  out	  Tast_Port, al;		  ¦   ¦;-------------------------------------------¦---¦---------------;		   Wait til  the   8042 ¦   is	 ¦   ¦ ready.;-------------------------------------------¦---¦---------------W_8042:   xor	  cx, cx	   ;<<--------Ï---+STATUS:   in	   al, Stat_Port;<----+	¦	  Read Status		  and	  al, 2		;	 ¦	¦	   Buffer full ?		  loopnz STATUS		 ;->---+	¦	  til no or timeoutBACK:	 ret				   ;<---------+;----------------------------------------------------------------------------;			Spuare Root Circle (XM,YM,COL);---------------------------------------------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;----------------------------------------------------------------------------KREIS:	mov	  eax, ecx		  mul	  eax				; Radius * Radius		  xor	  edi, edi		   ; Looping start		  mov	  esi, eax		  xor	  eax, eaxRUNDE:	mov	  ebp, esi		  mul	  eax				; X * X		  sub	  ebp, eax		   ; R * R - X * X		  mov	 DWORD PTR[Y], ebp		  fild	 [Y]				; Load Integer to ST(0)		  fsqrt					   ; Spuare root		  fistp	[Y]				; Integer save and pop		  mov	  ebp, DWORD PTR[Y]		  call HALB				   ; Set 4 Pixel		  mov	  eax, edi		   ; Switch X with Y		  mov	  edi, ebp		  mov	  ebp, eax		   ; Next Axes		  call HALB				   ; Set 4 Pixel		  lea	  ebp, [ebp+1]	   ; inc ebp / increase Loop-Counter		  mov	  edi, ebp		   ; Restore X		  cmp	  ecx, ebp		   ; Radiant reached ?		  jnz RUNDE		  ret;-------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;--------------------------------------HALB:	 mov	  edx, DWORD PTR[XM] ; Right below		  mov	  ebx, DWORD PTR[YM]		  add	  edx, edi		   ; X-Pos		  add	  ebx, ebp		   ; Y-Pos		  call PIXEL		  mov	  edx, DWORD PTR[XM] ; Left below		  mov	  ebx, DWORD PTR[YM]		  sub	  edx, edi		   ; X-Pos		  add	  ebx, ebp		   ; Y-Pos		  call PIXEL		  mov	  edx, DWORD PTR[XM] ; Right above		  mov	  ebx, DWORD PTR[YM]		  add	  edx, edi		   ; X-Pos		  sub	  ebx, ebp		   ; Y-Pos		  call PIXEL		  mov	  edx, DWORD PTR[XM] ; Left above		  mov	  ebx, DWORD PTR[YM]		  sub	  edx, edi		   ; X-Pos		  sub	  ebx, ebp		   ; Y-PosPIXEL:	shl	  edx, 2			 ; X *l 4 Byte (true color)		  add	  edx, [ebx*4]	   ; X plus line-Offset		  mov	  ebx, DWORD PTR[COL]		  mov	  [edx], ebx		 ; Color to the screen		  mov	  [edx+4], ebx	   ;  and the pixel beside too		  ret;----------------------------------------------------------------------------; Create a Sprite-TABLE (Offset, Color) of the content of the screen;---------------------------------------------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABELLE:  mov	  eax, DWORD PTR[XMAX]		  xor	  esi, esi		  shr	  eax, 2			 ; X divide by 4 Byte (32Bit true color)		  mov	  di, OFFSET BALL	; Table-Offset		  mov	  esi, [esi]		 ; linear screen-Offset		  mul	 DWORD PTR[YMAX]		  mov	  ecx, eaxMAKETAB:  mov	  eax, [esi]		 ; Get the color of the pixel		  and	  eax, eax		   ;  empty/black ?		  jz  short LEER		  mov	  [di], esi		  ; Store Sprite-Offset in Table		  mov	  [di+4], eax		; Store Color in Table		  lea	  di, [di+8]		 ; Increase Table-Offset (add di,8)LEER:	 lea	  esi, [esi+4]	   ; Increase screen-Offset (add esi,4)		  dec	  ecx		  jnz MAKETAB		  mov	  bp, di			 ; End of table		  ret;----------------------------------------------------------------------------; Create an Offset table of startadresses of any horizontal line of the screen;---------------------------------------------------------------------------- org START + ((($-START)/Ausri)*Ausri)+Ausri;--------------------------------------PIXOFF:   mov	  si, OFFSET MINF	; Get the Offset of Mode info		  xor	  ebx, ebx		  mov	  bx, ds			 ; Get the actual adress of the data segment		  mov	  eax, [si+28h]	  ; Get the 32 Bit adress of the linear frambuffer		  shl	  ebx, 4			 ; Convert Data-Segment to a 32Bit-Offset		  xor	  di, di			 ; and substract it from the adress of the linear frambuffer		  sub	  eax, ebx		   ; = Adress of the first line is now "ds:Reg32"		  xor	  edx, edx		  mov	  dx, [si+32h]	   ; Get the lenght of a line (Xmax*BytejePixel)		  mov	  [XMAX], dx		  mov	  cx, [si+14h]	   ; Get Ymax		  mov	  [YMAX], cx		  shl	  cx, 2			  ; Max_Y * 4 Byte (32Bit true color)AGAIN:	mov	  [di], eax		  ; Store linear Offset of the framebuffer in the table		  lea	  di, [di+4]		 ; Increase Offset of table  (add di,4)		  add	  eax, edx		   ; Add Max_X to the address		  cmp	  di, cx			 ;  End of Table (Max_Y*4) ?		  jb  AGAIN		  ret  CODE ends

I'm getting a little rounded up here... why would you need to specify an IP address if you're using a DHCP? That alone should determine your local addresses...
as far as the access to external sites is concernced, I think you would be looking into proxies ->


also -> if you have a static ip address, you should run a nameserver



P.S. :> ipconfig /renew


should getcha a new ip address off your dhcp...

I use a static private-IP for our Knoppix-Router (PC with two NICs and one DSL-modem booting a LIFE-CD) to become a fixed gatewayadress in our LAN.
For more datails look into my: Tutorial for a Knoppix-Router
I recieved a dynamic IP from my ISP for the internet. To become a new dynamic IP from my ISP i just terminate the internet-connection and login again.

For the reason that DHCP is very slowly on Windows i use also static IPs for every Windows-PCs in our LAN.
In the network configuration of the TCP-adapter of our Windows-PCs i add two IPs of nameserver, so we don´t need to run our own nameserver.

If we change our local IPs of our Windows-Pcs, so that every Windows have an own IP for a LAN-Party, then we have to restart/reset all our switching-hubs, so all older entries in the buffer are properly removed.

Using two or more switching hubs in combination:
a) normal Port - crossed cable - normal Port
normal Port - normal cable - Uplink-Port
c) Uplink-Port - normal cable - normal Port
d) Uplink-Port - crossed cable - Uplink-Port


For ominous network problem with Windows XP maybe the Winsock reparation standard procedure can help:
Start as administrator: Start => execute... => "cmd"
netsh int ip reset ipreset.txt
netsh winsock reset
netsh winsock reset catalog
netsh firewall reset
netsh firewall set icmpsetting 8
netsh firewall set service FILEANDPRINT ENABLE SUBNET

Then restart windows.

Dirk

I am having the exact same problem with my Linux OS, I can't not connect to the internet as well. Have you found any solutions or have you connected to the internet?

 

-reply by Krystle

I use "pppoe-discovery" to check if my dsl-modem is bound on eth0 or eth1, because my pc comes with two NICs and the bounding switch in a random wise booting a Linux LIVE-CD like Knoppix.

 

#!/bin/sh

sudo ifconfig eth0 up

if sudo /usr/sbin/pppoe-discovery -I eth0 | grep -q "AC" then

sudo ifconfig eth1 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 255.255.255.255 up

else

sudo ifconfig eth1 up

sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 255.255.255.255 up

fi

 

sudo pppd call dsl-provider

Dirk

ya like wanhafizi was saying if you want to turn your batch files into .exe (programs) there is a good Tool to help you with that.... thnx for the heads up man forgot about that part

Another way is to build an own executable that comes within the batchfile.
One method for to do this is to put some opcodes behind echo-commands and to redirect them directly into an executable-file. (But not all opcodes and values can be echo out.)
A second method is to put some hexadecimal values of opcodes (+ some debug-commands) behind echo-commands and to redirect them into a new textfile and to commit this textfile starting debug.exe. Debug get the opcodes and execute them.

This example is checking how much space is free on a 2GB-drive.

@echo off	   if not (%1)==() goto DOIT	   echo.	   echo Error !!! Please commit a driveletter.	   echo Example "C[:]" !	   echo.	   exit	   	   :DOIT	   if (%1)==(A:) set Drive=1	   if (%1)==(B:) set Drive=2	   if (%1)==(C:) set Drive=3	   if (%1)==(D:) set Drive=4	   if (%1)==(E:) set Drive=5	   if (%1)==(F:) set Drive=6	   if (%1)==(G:) set Drive=7	   if (%1)==(H:) set Drive=8	   if (%1)==(I:) set Drive=9	   if (%1)==(J:) set Drive=a	   if (%1)==(K:) set Drive=b	   if (%1)==(L:) set Drive=c	   if (%1)==(M:) set Drive=d	   if (%1)==(N:) set Drive=e	   if (%1)==(O:) set Drive=f	   if (%1)==(P:) set Drive=10	   if (%1)==(Q:) set Drive=11	   if (%1)==(R:) set Drive=12	   if (%1)==(S:) set Drive=13	   if (%1)==(T:) set Drive=14	   if (%1)==(U:) set Drive=15	   if (%1)==(V:) set Drive=16	   if (%1)==(W:) set Drive=17	   if (%1)==(X:) set Drive=18	   if (%1)==(Y:) set Drive=19	   if (%1)==(Z:) set Drive=1a	   if (%1)==(a:) set Drive=1	   if (%1)==(b:) set Drive=2	   if (%1)==(c:) set Drive=3	   if (%1)==(d:) set Drive=4	   if (%1)==(e:) set Drive=5	   if (%1)==(f:) set Drive=6	   if (%1)==(g:) set Drive=7	   if (%1)==(h:) set Drive=8	   if (%1)==(i:) set Drive=9	   if (%1)==(j:) set Drive=a	   if (%1)==(k:) set Drive=b	   if (%1)==(l:) set Drive=c	   if (%1)==(m:) set Drive=d	   if (%1)==(n:) set Drive=e	   if (%1)==(o:) set Drive=f	   if (%1)==(p:) set Drive=10	   if (%1)==(q:) set Drive=11	   if (%1)==(r:) set Drive=12	   if (%1)==(s:) set Drive=13	   if (%1)==(t:) set Drive=14	   if (%1)==(u:) set Drive=15	   if (%1)==(v:) set Drive=16	   if (%1)==(w:) set Drive=17	   if (%1)==(x:) set Drive=18	   if (%1)==(y:) set Drive=19	   if (%1)==(z:) set Drive=1a	   if (%1)==(A) set Drive=1	   if (%1)==(B) set Drive=2	   if (%1)==(C) set Drive=3	   if (%1)==(D) set Drive=4	   if (%1)==(E) set Drive=5	   if (%1)==(F) set Drive=6	   if (%1)==(G) set Drive=7	   if (%1)==(H) set Drive=8	   if (%1)==(I) set Drive=9	   if (%1)==(J) set Drive=a	   if (%1)==(K) set Drive=b	   if (%1)==(L) set Drive=c	   if (%1)==(M) set Drive=d	   if (%1)==(N) set Drive=e	   if (%1)==(O) set Drive=f	   if (%1)==(P) set Drive=10	   if (%1)==(Q) set Drive=11	   if (%1)==(R) set Drive=12	   if (%1)==(S) set Drive=13	   if (%1)==(T) set Drive=14	   if (%1)==(U) set Drive=15	   if (%1)==(V) set Drive=16	   if (%1)==(W) set Drive=17	   if (%1)==(X) set Drive=18	   if (%1)==(Y) set Drive=19	   if (%1)==(Z) set Drive=1a	   if (%1)==(a) set Drive=1	   if (%1)==(b) set Drive=2	   if (%1)==(c) set Drive=3	   if (%1)==(d) set Drive=4	   if (%1)==(e) set Drive=5	   if (%1)==(f) set Drive=6	   if (%1)==(g) set Drive=7	   if (%1)==(h) set Drive=8	   if (%1)==(i) set Drive=9	   if (%1)==(j) set Drive=a	   if (%1)==(k) set Drive=b	   if (%1)==(l) set Drive=c	   if (%1)==(m) set Drive=d	   if (%1)==(n) set Drive=e	   if (%1)==(o) set Drive=f	   if (%1)==(p) set Drive=10	   if (%1)==(q) set Drive=11	   if (%1)==(r) set Drive=12	   if (%1)==(s) set Drive=13	   if (%1)==(t) set Drive=14	   if (%1)==(u) set Drive=15	   if (%1)==(v) set Drive=16	   if (%1)==(w) set Drive=17	   if (%1)==(x) set Drive=18	   if (%1)==(y) set Drive=19	   if (%1)==(z) set Drive=1a	   echo ecs:100>tmp.deb	   echo 8C C8 8E D8 8E C0 B2 %Drive% B4 36 CD 21 3D FF FF 74>>tmp.deb	   echo ecs:110>>tmp.deb	   echo 59 66 F7 E3 66 F7 E1 BF 00 02 B1 0A 66 BB 00 CA>>tmp.deb	   echo ecs:120>>tmp.deb	   echo 9A 3B 66 31 D2 66 F7 F3 04 30 66 89 D6 88 05 47>>tmp.deb	   echo ecs:130>>tmp.deb	   echo 66 89 D8 66 BB 0A 00 00 00 66 31 D2 66 F7 F3 66>>tmp.deb	   echo ecs:140>>tmp.deb	   echo 89 C3 66 89 F0 FE C9 75 D9 B9 0B 00 BE FF 01 BF>>tmp.deb	   echo ecs:150>>tmp.deb	   echo 00 02 49 46 83 F9 01 74 05 80 3C 30 74 F4 83 F9>>tmp.deb	   echo ecs:160>>tmp.deb	   echo 0A 74 07 89 CA FC F3 A4 89 D1 31 DB 3D FF FF 75>>tmp.deb	   echo ecs:170>>tmp.deb	   echo 02 31 C9>>tmp.deb	   echo g=cs:100 173>>tmp.deb	   echo n space.tmp>>tmp.deb	   echo w cs:200>>tmp.deb	   echo q>>tmp.deb	   debug <tmp.deb >nul	   del tmp.deb	   echo -bytes on drive %1>>space.tmp	   type space.tmp	   del space.tmp

Debug manual

Dirk

divisor = dx:ax

dividend = any existing register

 

Dirk

Ups, sorry a littes mistake crapt in and i wrong sides out both terms (and i have no permission to edit my fault).

Here is the correct association:

 

dividend = dx:ax

divisor = any existing register

 

Hint: The divisor should not include the value of zero, because this will result a divide by zero error.

 

One example for an integer division:

mov dx, 0  ; high wordmov ax, 100; low wordmov bx, 5div bx

The result(20) will be stored into the ax-register.

 

Dirk

 

Hello HannahI and thank you for the lessons how to learn about assembly coding.But i found some little bugs inside shown below.

Example 1.5:

....	   mul cx, 2	 ...	   div dx, 2

These both commands(mnemonics) above doesn´t exist. Existing commands are: "mul cx" and "div dx"!

An integer multiplication works in this example in combination with the ax-register and the register that we use with the mul-command.
So we multiplicate in this example the ax-register with the cx-register.

;--

An integer division works in this example in combination with the dx-register(highword) and the ax-register(low word) and will be divide by the register that we use with the div-command.
Hint: The dividend should not include the value of zero, because this will result a divide by zero error.
divisor = dx:ax
dividend = any existing register

Dirk