yordan

When you read a book, everything is easy and beautiful, you never do any mistake.
When you are at school, a teacher looks what you are doing, and sees the errors you didn't notice. And if a stupid mistake breaks everything, the teacher shows you what to do in order to repair.
So, having a good school with good with a good teacher is the fastest way to learn efficiently.
 

I would suggest you follow this link :
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/set-up-dual-monitors-on-windows-3d5c15dc-cc63-d850-aeb6-b41778147554
Briefly, it says :
And the image in the mentioned article is easy to understand.
It's the first thing to be done.
Try it and it should work if you don't have uncompatible materials.

Hi, Elmer,
Is your Windows 10 PC a laptop with it's own monitor?
Then, you have to tell Windows how you want to use the extra monitor : extending your main display, duplicating your main display, or not at all.

Hello everybody.
Do you plan games on your phone ?
I love playing free games on android. Which one is your favourite one ?

Ha-ha, let's do it that way, let's have half a pint of beer!

Hi, M6NEN,
Concerning the three questions, the first one is "yes, this forum is still fully operationnal".
Unfortunately, the posts are relatively old, we hope that our members will post a lot of new posts as soon as possible!
Currently there are so few new topics that the Mycents system is not active now, we will probably have to work out a kind of "manual" estimation for the quality of the new posts.
However, yes, our goal is still to offer fully professional hosting to our very active members!
Hope this answers your questions?
Regards
Yordan

Science, and particularly mathematics, is a mean for describing the world around us.
This world does exist, even if we don't want to see it. A lack of mathematics will simple be a lack of understanding our environment

This should not add so much weight : you remove the CD and replace it's weight by the SSD. So, having two disks will incredibly speed up your macbook, this will widely compensate the effort of manipulating a HEAVY computer!

OK, first of all remember that you are lucky. You are going to be a father, despite the fact that this possibility was "minimum".
Secondly, you have to quickly go back to the paperwork, two months are lost, you have to speed up.
Third, laziness will soon be no problem any more, when a baby comes to your home, you automatically have to take care of him, all day long, so no time for playing games or watching youtube. So, start speeding up your thesis work.
In my opinion, your problem is not a discipline problem, it's a motivation problem. And as soon as you will start helping your girlfriend with the baby, the motivation will be automatically there. As soon as you see a baby smiling, you feel a happy father. And as soon as a baby starts crying, you automatically need to help with the current needed task, feeding or giving a bath

Puppy Linux does that. It works fully in memoy for performance purposes, but writes down it's things to be saved on a next session of the CD. It does this with regular CD, so no need for a DVD-RAM device.

You can see a brown disk at the rear part of this wikipedia image : http://forums.xisto.com/no_longer_exists/
Or go to the english wikipedia main page and look for "Disk storage"
As you can see see, the disks are rather brown, with a very big hole (two or three inches hole) .Their color is due to the gamma-iron-dioxide. They were obtained by means of a layer of magnetic material, which was polished until becoming very thin. These disks were used until the years 80's.
The modern disks are done differently, starting from nothing on a very clean substrate, and then growing a thin iron layer, or chromium-cobalt or a iron-terbium-gadolinium layer.

Mirror-like disks? These are already new generation disks. The regular disks, made from gamma iron magnetic oxyde, were dark-brown.

Sorry, but the install is strongly related to a given hardware. If you install Windows on a given PC and put the disk in another PC, you might experience a lot of driver mismatch problems, or even bad cpu type problems.

I think that 50 years ago disappeared the last players able to play the old 78 rpm platters. The standard players (before the CD players) had two speeds, and you had to manually choose the speed : 33 rpms if you wantet to play a so-called long-player plates, the wide ones, and choose 45 rpms for the small platters, the ones with a single song on each side And, yes, you had to manually swap the platter in order to ear the songs on the other side.

Precisely 78 rpm's for the very-very old platters, 33 and 45 rpm's for the standard records.

Maybe the topic title is not fully correct.
Usually, when people say "Hard drive", people mean the whole attachment, without unsealing the box.
Your topic seems devoted to explain how to remove the magnetic platter for teaching purposes. Of course, this completely destroys the disk.
The head flies at about 0.4 down to 0.2 micrometers above the platter ; at this distance, any dust will lead to a crash, exactly like an airplane touching an obstacle. Usually these operations are made in a dustless room in the factory.
Same thing if you remove the magnet, which is part of the actuator, all the initial position settings will be lost, the magnetic head will never be able to find it's navigating position.
So, the topic title should probably better be "How to break a used hard drive in order to see it's physical components".

Aargh! The images disapeared! How disapointing!

Nice post, Ikhsan4488, very technical, with a lot of precise infos.However, for me it does not sound like a tutorial. For a tutorial I would expect more text, more step-by-step explanations. I don't really learn a lot from this, except that my proc could simply blow up. So, if you could add a reply here and be more descriptive, with real sentences explaining really what has to be done, I would accept this as being a real tuto. Else, it would remain a standard hardware (and very useful) topic, but not a tutorial.RegardsYordan

Thanks, I appreciate.

So, this seems to be a hardware problem? That's why I moved this topic here, where it's place most probably is.RegardsYordan

Probbably some of you have the same annoying problem.
I often have to boot under DOS in order to perform some maintenance things - re-format or re-partition hard disk, do virus diagnostics or recover files.
I love using fdisk, or McAfee viruscan in command line mode. I love typing "fdisk". For that, MS-DOS command line is nice.
Booting from a flashdisk is faster than floppies, and a flashdisk a lots more space than a floppy.
So, now, how to boot from a flashdisk without complicating or dangerous things ?
Here is the way I do it. Of course, I found the trick from several places on the Internet, but nobody gave the step-by-step I needed, that's why I wrote my own one, here it is.
My own USB flashdisk is a Cosk*in 2gb, from http://www.cosk-in.com/
First of all, let's see if your PC is able to boot from a flashdisk.
Let's first power off your PC (correctly shutting down Linux or Crosoft Windows)

1. Testing the hardware.
Insert your USB flashdisk in a USB port, and power on your PC. Then, go to the BIOS SETUP menu (usually it's F2).
Then look at the "BOOT" section. Depending on your BIOS version, have a look at the first boot device, it can be seen as a removable device or a hard disk. Of course, before changing anything here, you must carefully write down the initial settings in order to be able to come back in case of trouble.
If the BIOS sees your flashdisk as a removable device, choose it as first boot device.
If your flashdisk is seen as a disk, you have to put this disk as first disk.

Save your settings and exit.

2) Making the flashdisk bootable.
Now, go to a very old computer running windows 98. I know, sometimes it's rather hard to find one. Personnally, I used a vmware virtual machine on my brand new PC.
When you are on your Windows 98 or Windows Millenium system, download the drivers for your USB flashdisk. This will probably need a reboot.
As soon as your flashdisk drivers are installed, you will be able to see your flashdisk files using Microsoft Windows Explorer. Remember the name of the concerned disk. Let's let's suppose that your USB disk drive name is "U:"
Then, open a command prompt windows (for instance click Run --> Execute --> command)
At the DOS command prompt, type :

SYS U:This "sys u:" command transfers on your USB flashdisk the system files needed for booting your flashdisk, exactly like it would do it on any standard disk. One of this files you probably already know, it's the well-known "command.com" file.
The other files are IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS

That's all. You made your flashdisk bootable. And you already know it's harmless, because you simply added some files to your flashdisk. If you want to go back, simply remove these files.

Now the most interesting thing :

3) Boot from the flashdisk.

Everything is setup. While your system is powered down, insert your USB flashdisk in any free port, and power on your pc.
After a couple of seconds you will see the popular C> prompt. You may type VER in order to verify the version.
That's all you can do at that point. But if you inserted some more files (like format.com or fdisk.com) you have a working ms-dos system.
Further you may add mouse.com, or probably and autoexec.bat or and/or a config.sys file.



4) Discussion.
I love this method because it's simple and harmless. You do almost nothing special on your flashdisk, you just add a couple of files.
I used some other more sophisticated tools from the internet, they started by a flashdisk reformat (and I lost all my favourite files) and then they did not work.
That's why I love this way using an old win95 system and just type "sys U:"

Probbably some of you have the same annoying problem.
I often have to boot under DOS in order to perform some maintenance things - re-format or re-partition hard disk, do virus diagnostics or recover files.
I love using fdisk, or McAfee viruscan in command line mode. I love typing "fdisk". For that, MS-DOS command line is nice.
Booting from a flashdisk is faster than floppies, and a flashdisk a lots more space than a floppy.
So, now, how to boot from a flashdisk without complicating or dangerous things ?
Here is the way I do it. Of course, I found the trick from several places on the Internet, but nobody gave the step-by-step I needed, that's why I wrote my own one, here it is.
My own USB flashdisk is a Cosk*in 2gb, from http://www.cosk-in.com/
First of all, let's see if your PC is able to boot from a flashdisk.
Let's first power off your PC (correctly shutting down Linux or Crosoft Windows)

1. Testing the hardware.
Insert your USB flashdisk in a USB port, and power on your PC. Then, go to the BIOS SETUP menu (usually it's F2).
Then look at the "BOOT" section. Depending on your BIOS version, have a look at the first boot device, it can be seen as a removable device or a hard disk. Of course, before changing anything here, you must carefully write down the initial settings in order to be able to come back in case of trouble.
If the BIOS sees your flashdisk as a removable device, choose it as first boot device.
If your flashdisk is seen as a disk, you have to put this disk as first disk.

Save your settings and exit.

2) Making the flashdisk bootable.
Now, go to a very old computer running windows 98. I know, sometimes it's rather hard to find one. Personnally, I used a vmware virtual machine on my brand new PC.
When you are on your Windows 98 or Windows Millenium system, download the drivers for your USB flashdisk. This will probably need a reboot.
As soon as your flashdisk drivers are installed, you will be able to see your flashdisk files using Microsoft Windows Explorer. Remember the name of the concerned disk. Let's let's suppose that your USB disk drive name is "U:"
Then, open a command prompt windows (for instance click Run --> Execute --> command)
At the DOS command prompt, type :

SYS U:This "sys u:" command transfers on your USB flashdisk the system files needed for booting your flashdisk, exactly like it would do it on any standard disk. One of this files you probably already know, it's the well-known "command.com" file.
The other files are IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS

That's all. You made your flashdisk bootable. And you already know it's harmless, because you simply added some files to your flashdisk. If you want to go back, simply remove these files.

Now the most interesting thing :

3) Boot from the flashdisk.

Everything is setup. While your system is powered down, insert your USB flashdisk in any free port, and power on your pc.
After a couple of seconds you will see the popular C> prompt. You may type VER in order to verify the version.
That's all you can do at that point. But if you inserted some more files (like format.com or fdisk.com) you have a working ms-dos system.
Further you may add mouse.com, or probably and autoexec.bat or and/or a config.sys file.



4) Discussion.
I love this method because it's simple and harmless. You do almost nothing special on your flashdisk, you just add a couple of files.
I used some other more sophisticated tools from the internet, they started by a flashdisk reformat (and I lost all my favourite files) and then they did not work.
That's why I love this way using an old win95 system and just type "sys U:"

Nice problem!What is your purpose? Why do you need to transfer the info from one grid to another? Creating a fail-safe with automatic update on another platform?

A little bit history.
 
Long, long time ago, a Personal Computer (today named a PC) was sold together with the operating system media (MS-DOS, then Win95, then Win98, Win Millenium, Win XP). At this moment, standard home users felt themselves somehow lost, but skilled people knew that they had to partition the hard disk in order to smartly install the operating systems.
Today, the home PC’s are usually sold with the operating system pre-installed. The computer is ready to use, which is a good point for newbies, but most of the settings are not the best choice for a further safe use.
 
What we will do today.
 
As it has been delivered pre-installed, the computer can be used immediately. However, with this initial setup, you have no chance to correctly perform a backup.
Two different types of backup are necessary for a smart user : a backup of your data, for instance on a removable media (USB disk or DVDRW); and a backup of the operating system.
A backup of your own data has to be done frequently : the pictures you removed from your camera and stored on your PC should not disappear if your PC receives a virus.
This operation is usually very fast, because your real data do not use a lot of space on your computer. And the movies you have already seen can be moved to an external drive.
A system backup has to be done each time you do a change to your system, typically once a year. A system backup copies the whole system disk to a removable media, in order to restore the operating system from the backup media.
 
If everything is on a single disk (typically the “C:” disk) you have to backup the whole C: disk, on a bootable media, which takes a huge amount of time.
That’s why we will split your physical disk into several partitions, in order to have a small system partition having only the operating system and your installed software, and a data partition which will have all your personal data.

The recovery media.
 
If when ordering your computer you did not purchase the recovery media, before touching anything, you should create the recovery media.
There is a somewhere menu for that, usually the click sequence is start, all programs, recovery media. The recovery media can be a USB flashdisk or a DVD.
I had a DVD burner attached to my PC, so I created recovery DVD’s. This operation needed four blank DVD’s. Now, in case of trouble, I should be able to restore the system to it’s manufactory settings. Be careful, restoring the manufactory settings will destroy the whole disk, erasing all your personal data. This is only the “last chance” rescue disk.

First of all, backup!
 
Now start the real job. Before touching anything, the first thing is to create a backup of your system disk. In case of trouble, you will be able to restore your system to it’s current poing.
For instance if you install something bad, or you removed an essential software you absolutely need, simply restore your c: disk.
I used Clonezilla (http://forums.xisto.com/no_longer_exists/ ), the free system backup I recommend to everybody. Download the iso file, burn it to a CDRW or a CDR. I often use CDRW’s because there are several steps involving several iso files, so this costs me a single media.
If you have a second disk, I recommend performing the backup on the second disk.
If you only have one disk, you should first shrink your c: disk in order to manage some place free, and then create a partition and format it. For such a small job, the Windows disk manager can do the job.
Now, boot on your CloneZilla CD, and perform your backup.
Here below is the Clonezilla splash boot creen, accept the defaut boot settings :
 

 
Choose device-device, local device, beginner mode, and then save_local_partitions_as_an_image
This will perform a partition-to-file backup, and as source choose your system partition, it’s probably the “sd2” or “sd3” disk, you can see it when considering the partition sizes.
If you are not familiar with system backup, here is a tutorial for clonezilla :
http://forums.xisto.com/no_longer_exists/

Secondly, shrink the c: disk
 
The c: disk is generally far too big. Our current goal is to make this disk as small as possible. The c: disk has to be big enough for all your basic software, but no more.
Using Windows explorer, have a look at the “properties” of your c: disk.
For instance, my c: disk is a 2 terabytes disk, of which 50 gigs are used. 2000 gigs currently, and 50 gigs used. A lot of space is wasted, because I don’t want to put anything important on my c: disk. So, I will choose a more reasonable size. I decided 200 gigs for the c: disk, leaving 1800 gigs for my personal data, texts, spreadsheets, pictures, and system backups.
Now we need partitioning software. I use gparted for my partitioning purposes, it has a livecd and/or liveusb version, take it from here:
http://forums.xisto.com/no_longer_exists/
Download the gparted livecd for instance, and burn it on a CDRW. Boot on the gparted disk, here below is shown the splash screen.
 

 
When the boot is finished, you will see the gparted main screen. Click in the system partition, on my image here bolow it’s the /dev/sda2 partition, you will see the resizing window.

 
Use the mouse to shrink the partition, reasonably larger than the “yellow” used size.

Create the new partition
 
Now you can boot your Windows system from the hard disk. As the disk has been modified, Windows will probably ask you to reboot.
As we have created a free space on our disk, we can use the Microsoft Disk Manager (right-click on my computer, and choose manage) in order to create a partition on the free space, and format it in NTFS format. This newly formatted disk will probably be your “d:” disk.

Almost finished.
 
Now you have to learn how to work with two disks. Remember that your C: disk is a “danger” disk, it can catch a virys at any time and it will disappear during repair.
Your “D:” disk is your safe data disk.
So, create a “d:\data” folder on your D: disk, and change your Microsoft Office (or other wordprocessing environment) settings in order that d:\data is the default storage place.
So, each time you create a document, it will be saved in the d: disk.
Also, change your browser settings so that they save the downloaded files and pictures in the d: disk, for instance in d:\download.
 
Going live.
 
Now you are ready for going live.
Monthly, perform a system backup off your c: disk. Name your first backup backup1, the second one backup2. On month three, remove backup1 and create backup3.
So, in case of problem, like new driver giving bad results or virus successful attack, simply restore the last backup. If the last backup is unusable, m-1 backup is still there.
And on a daily basis perform a backup of your data disk. A lot of software’s are available for performing differential backup, but you can create your own one in a very simple way.
Let’s say that your photos are in a folder named \photos, and your spreadsheet and word processor data in a folder named \data. These data are very precious, and if you have a hardware failure, you really need to have them immediately available, that’s why I recommend a daily backup for this, let’s say just before poweroff your PC.
Create a text file named “dailybackup.bat”, with the following lines :
 

dir j:@echo @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@echo please check that the USB device is available@echo You must see no errors in the "dir" above@echo @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@pause@cls@mkdir j:\backups\photos 2>nul@mkdir j:\backups\data 2>nulxcopy e:\photos j:\backups\photos /E /D /Yxcopy e:\data j:\backups\data /E /D /Y@echo @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@echo Backup job finished@echo @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@PauseLet’s suppose that your data disk is the “E:” disk, and that your USB external disk is the J: disk.The first “dir” allows checking that your USB disk is connected.
Then come some “mkdir” in order to create the folder structure on the destination disk.
And then you see the “xcopy” command line which copies all the photos from \photos and all the data from \data.
What is nice, is the “/D” option. This option will tell xcopy to save only the “new” files, and “/Y” will accept replacing the existing destination files by the recently modified ones.
There is a “pause” at the end allowing you to see the results before closing the window.
When you run this script for the first time you will see a lot of copied files (you probably have a lot of pictures in the \photos folder).
If you run the script a second time, you will see it working very fast, nothing copied because no newer file exists in the source folder.
Create a new .doc or .xls or .txt file in the \data folder of your internal disk, and double-click the “dailybackup.bat” script, you will see a single file being backed up, the last file you created. All the other ones are not copied because they are already present on your backup media.
So, you have a perfect and very fast script for your daily backup .
Now you are ready for real life, do not forget to do your daily backup of your personal data, and a monthly system backup, and you are ready to recover from any problem.

My last problem arrived after five years of home PC usage, and I had no backup. Please, don’t be as stupid as I was!

Probbably some of you have the same annoying problem.
I often have to boot under DOS in order to perform some maintenance things - re-format or re-partition hard disk, do virus diagnostics or recover files.
I love using fdisk, or McAfee viruscan in command line mode. I love typing "fdisk". For that, MS-DOS command line is nice.
Booting from a flashdisk is faster than floppies, and a flashdisk a lots more space than a floppy.
So, now, how to boot from a flashdisk without complicating or dangerous things ?
Here is the way I do it. Of course, I found the trick from several places on the Internet, but nobody gave the step-by-step I needed, that's why I wrote my own one, here it is.
My own USB flashdisk is a Cosk*in 2gb, from http://www.cosk-in.com/
First of all, let's see if your PC is able to boot from a flashdisk.
Let's first power off your PC (correctly shutting down Linux or Crosoft Windows)

1. Testing the hardware.
Insert your USB flashdisk in a USB port, and power on your PC. Then, go to the BIOS SETUP menu (usually it's F2).
Then look at the "BOOT" section. Depending on your BIOS version, have a look at the first boot device, it can be seen as a removable device or a hard disk. Of course, before changing anything here, you must carefully write down the initial settings in order to be able to come back in case of trouble.
If the BIOS sees your flashdisk as a removable device, choose it as first boot device.
If your flashdisk is seen as a disk, you have to put this disk as first disk.

Save your settings and exit.

2) Making the flashdisk bootable.
Now, go to a very old computer running windows 98. I know, sometimes it's rather hard to find one. Personnally, I used a vmware virtual machine on my brand new PC.
When you are on your Windows 98 or Windows Millenium system, download the drivers for your USB flashdisk. This will probably need a reboot.
As soon as your flashdisk drivers are installed, you will be able to see your flashdisk files using Microsoft Windows Explorer. Remember the name of the concerned disk. Let's let's suppose that your USB disk drive name is "U:"
Then, open a command prompt windows (for instance click Run --> Execute --> command)
At the DOS command prompt, type :

SYS U:This "sys u:" command transfers on your USB flashdisk the system files needed for booting your flashdisk, exactly like it would do it on any standard disk. One of this files you probably already know, it's the well-known "command.com" file.
The other files are IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS

That's all. You made your flashdisk bootable. And you already know it's harmless, because you simply added some files to your flashdisk. If you want to go back, simply remove these files.

Now the most interesting thing :

3) Boot from the flashdisk.

Everything is setup. While your system is powered down, insert your USB flashdisk in any free port, and power on your pc.
After a couple of seconds you will see the popular C> prompt. You may type VER in order to verify the version.
That's all you can do at that point. But if you inserted some more files (like format.com or fdisk.com) you have a working ms-dos system.
Further you may add mouse.com, or probably and autoexec.bat or and/or a config.sys file.



4) Discussion.
I love this method because it's simple and harmless. You do almost nothing special on your flashdisk, you just add a couple of files.
I used some other more sophisticated tools from the internet, they started by a flashdisk reformat (and I lost all my favourite files) and then they did not work.
That's why I love this way using an old win95 system and just type "sys U:"